【发布时间】:2016-04-26 19:32:19
【问题描述】:
我有两张桌子:campaign 和 stats。 stats 表包含我尝试为每个广告系列汇总的每日统计数据,没什么特别的。
我索引了所有我能想到的字段,但据我所知没有一个索引被使用。我知道 Postgres 可能会选择不使用索引,但它看起来仍然很可疑,而且查询速度也不是很快。我该如何帮助它?
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT "campaign"."id", "campaign"."name", "campaign"."status", SUM("stats"."impressions") AS "impressions"
FROM "campaign"
LEFT OUTER JOIN "stats" ON
("stats"."date" >= '2016-03-27'::date)
AND ("stats"."date" <= '2016-04-25'::date)
AND ("campaign"."id" = "stats"."campaign_id")
GROUP BY "campaign"."id"
ORDER BY "campaign"."status" ASC, "campaign"."created" DESC
LIMIT 25;
查询计划:
Limit (cost=6445.26..6445.32 rows=25 width=53) (actual time=642.134..642.422 rows=25 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=6445.26..6446.80 rows=617 width=53) (actual time=642.113..642.209 rows=25 loops=1)
Sort Key: campaign.status, campaign.created
Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 28kB
-> HashAggregate (cost=6421.68..6427.85 rows=617 width=53) (actual time=634.619..637.342 rows=617 loops=1)
Group Key: campaign.id
-> Hash Right Join (cost=58.88..6269.08 rows=30519 width=53) (actual time=9.986..481.628 rows=31142 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (stats.campaign_id = campaign.id)
-> Seq Scan on stats (cost=0.00..5790.56 rows=30519 width=8) (actual time=0.044..172.346 rows=31027 loops=1)
Filter: ((date >= '2016-03-27'::date) AND (date <= '2016-04-25'::date))
Rows Removed by Filter: 22299
-> Hash (cost=51.17..51.17 rows=617 width=49) (actual time=9.325..9.325 rows=617 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 52kB
-> Seq Scan on campaign (cost=0.00..51.17 rows=617 width=49) (actual time=0.043..4.490 rows=617 loops=1)
Planning time: 1.778 ms
Execution time: 643.217 ms
表格:
Table "public.campaign"
Column | Type | Modifiers
----------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('campaign_id_seq'::regclass)
name | character varying(255) | not null
created | timestamp with time zone | not null
status | character varying(32) | not null
Indexes:
"campaign_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"campaign_9acb4454" btree (status)
"campaign_9bea82de" btree (product_id)
"campaign_created_7aea656cce4d74c_uniq" btree (created)
Foreign-key constraints:
TABLE "stats" CONSTRAINT "stats_campaign_id_dabb6227_fk_campaign_id" FOREIGN KEY (campaign_id) REFERENCES campaign(id) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
Table "public.stats"
Column | Type | Modifiers
-----------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('stats_id_seq'::regclass)
date | date | not null
impressions | integer | not null
campaign_id | integer | not null
Indexes:
"stats_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"stats_date_1de4ab17_uniq" btree (date)
"stats_f14acec3" btree (campaign_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
"stats_campaign_id_dabb6227_fk_campaign_id" FOREIGN KEY (campaign_id) REFERENCES campaign(id) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
================
编辑:
如果条件从 JOIN 移到 WHERE 中的查询计划:
Limit (cost=10252.48..10252.55 rows=25 width=252) (actual time=921.152..921.423 rows=25 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10252.48..10254.03 rows=617 width=252) (actual time=921.142..921.230 rows=25 loops=1)
Sort Key: campaign.status, campaign.created
Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 37kB
-> HashAggregate (cost=10161.03..10235.07 rows=617 width=252) (actual time=910.690..916.553 rows=550 loops=1)
Group Key: campaign.id
-> Hash Right Join (cost=58.88..6575.05 rows=30519 width=252) (actual time=7.655..708.881 rows=31075 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (stats.campaign_id = campaign.id)
Filter: ((stats.date IS NULL) OR ((stats.date >= '2016-03-27'::date) AND (stats.date <= '2016-04-25'::date)))
Rows Removed by Filter: 22299
-> Seq Scan on stats (cost=0.00..5526.71 rows=52771 width=56) (actual time=0.009..249.230 rows=53326 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=51.17..51.17 rows=617 width=204) (actual time=7.588..7.588 rows=617 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 128kB
-> Seq Scan on campaign (cost=0.00..51.17 rows=617 width=204) (actual time=0.009..3.124 rows=617 loops=1)
Planning time: 0.604 ms
Execution time: 922.323 ms
【问题讨论】:
-
嗯,我认为 PostgreSQL 应该能够在日期字段上使用索引。
stats与("stats"."date" >= '2016-03-27'::date) AND ("stats"."date" <= '2016-04-25'::date)选择的比例是多少?你最近吸尘了吗? -
@ClémentPrévost 大约占记录的 50%。如果我将日期范围更改为 1 天,它会使用日期索引。好吧,让我们假设日期索引很好,为什么没有别的,为什么它对活动(计划中的最后一行)进行 seq 扫描,这似乎是最明显的索引?另外我没有手动吸尘,我认为它应该是自动的。
-
它是自动的,这只是为了确保。如果您将
("stats"."date" >= '2016-03-27'::date) AND ("stats"."date" <= '2016-04-25'::date)放在 join 子句之外,这会改变什么吗?类似WHERE (stats.date is null OR (("stats"."date" >= '2016-03-27'::date) AND ("stats"."date" <= '2016-04-25'::date))。估计是join条件太复杂了,让PostgreSQL无法理解date过滤器其实是过滤器而不是join条件 -
@ClémentPrévost 我为这种情况添加了计划输出,它仍然不使用任何索引并且运行速度更慢(我猜这是预期的,因为现在它必须过滤整个统计表)
-
好吧,我认为您不应该在这里寻找滥用的索引,最大的改进可能是尽早限制活动,然后添加统计信息。您必须对统计数据进行排序吗?如果你不这样做,我可以重写查询以强制在加入之前执行限制。
标签: sql database postgresql indexing