一个通用问题至少有五个答案。
取决于
如果你愿意
- 简单的“在线”问题/答案(通用解决方案)
- 漂亮的格式化界面,例如ncurses 或更多使用 libgtk 或 libqt 的图形...
- 使用强大的读取行历史记录功能
1。 POSIX 通用解决方案
您可以使用read 命令,然后使用if ... then ... else:
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
read answer
# if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
if [ "$answer" != "${answer#[Yy]}" ] ;then # this grammar (the #[] operator) means that the variable $answer where any Y or y in 1st position will be dropped if they exist.
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
(感谢Adam Katz's comment:将上面的测试替换为更便携且避免一个fork的测试:)
POSIX,但单键功能
但是如果你不希望用户必须点击Return,你可以这样写:
(已编辑:正如@JonathanLeffler 正确建议的那样,保存 stty 的配置可能比简单地强制他们理智更好。) p>
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo ; answer=$(head -c 1) ; stty $old_stty_cfg # Careful playing with stty
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
注意:这是在sh、bash、ksh、dash和busybox下测试的!
相同,但明确等待 y 或 n:
#/bin/sh
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo
answer=$( while ! head -c 1 | grep -i '[ny]' ;do true ;done )
stty $old_stty_cfg
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
使用专用工具
有许多工具是使用libncurses、libgtk、libqt 或其他图形库构建的。例如,使用whiptail:
if whiptail --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
根据您的系统,您可能需要将whiptail 替换为另一个类似的工具:
dialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
gdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
kdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
其中20 是对话框的行数高度,60 是对话框的宽度。这些工具都有几乎相同的语法。
DIALOG=whiptail
if [ -x /usr/bin/gdialog ] ;then DIALOG=gdialog ; fi
if [ -x /usr/bin/xdialog ] ;then DIALOG=xdialog ; fi
...
$DIALOG --yesno ...
2。 Bash 特定解决方案
基本行内方法
read -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
case ${answer:0:1} in
y|Y )
echo Yes
;;
* )
echo No
;;
esac
我更喜欢使用case,所以如果需要我什至可以测试yes | ja | si | oui...
符合单键功能
在 bash 下,我们可以为 read 命令指定预期输入的长度:
read -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
在 bash 下,read 命令接受 timeout 参数,这可能很有用。
read -t 3 -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
[ -z "$answer" ] && answer="Yes" # if 'yes' have to be default choice
3。 专用工具的一些技巧
更复杂的对话框,超越简单的yes - no 用途:
dialog --menu "Is this a good question" 20 60 12 y Yes n No m Maybe
进度条:
dialog --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0 < <(
for i in {1..100};do
printf "XXX\n%d\n%(%a %b %T)T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i -1 $i
sleep .033
done
)
小演示:
#!/bin/sh
while true ;do
[ -x "$(which ${DIALOG%% *})" ] || DIALOG=dialog
DIALOG=$($DIALOG --menu "Which tool for next run?" 20 60 12 2>&1 \
whiptail "dialog boxes from shell scripts" >/dev/tty \
dialog "dialog boxes from shell with ncurses" \
gdialog "dialog boxes from shell with Gtk" \
kdialog "dialog boxes from shell with Kde" ) || exit
clear;echo "Choosed: $DIALOG."
for i in `seq 1 100`;do
date +"`printf "XXX\n%d\n%%a %%b %%T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i $i`"
sleep .0125
done | $DIALOG --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0
$DIALOG --infobox "This is a simple info box\n\nNo action required" 20 60
sleep 3
if $DIALOG --yesno "Do you like this demo?" 20 60 ;then
AnsYesNo=Yes; else AnsYesNo=No; fi
AnsInput=$($DIALOG --inputbox "A text:" 20 60 "Text here..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
AnsPass=$($DIALOG --passwordbox "A secret:" 20 60 "First..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
$DIALOG --textbox /etc/motd 20 60
AnsCkLst=$($DIALOG --checklist "Check some..." 20 60 12 \
Correct "This demo is useful" off \
Fun "This demo is nice" off \
Strong "This demo is complex" on 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
AnsRadio=$($DIALOG --radiolist "I will:" 20 60 12 \
" -1" "Downgrade this answer" off \
" 0" "Not do anything" on \
" +1" "Upgrade this anser" off 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
out="Your answers:\nLike: $AnsYesNo\nInput: $AnsInput\nSecret: $AnsPass"
$DIALOG --msgbox "$out\nAttribs: $AnsCkLst\nNote: $AnsRadio" 20 60
done
更多样本?看看Using whiptail for choosing USB device 和USB removable storage selector: USBKeyChooser
5。使用 readline 的历史记录
例子:
#!/bin/bash
set -i
HISTFILE=~/.myscript.history
history -c
history -r
myread() {
read -e -p '> ' $1
history -s ${!1}
}
trap 'history -a;exit' 0 1 2 3 6
while myread line;do
case ${line%% *} in
exit ) break ;;
* ) echo "Doing something with '$line'" ;;
esac
done
这将在您的$HOME 目录中创建一个文件.myscript.history,而不是您可以使用 readline 的历史命令,例如 Up、Down、Ctrl+r 等。