【问题标题】:Set global hotkeys using C#使用 C# 设置全局热键
【发布时间】:2018-12-21 18:56:02
【问题描述】:

当我的程序不在焦点时,我需要捕捉按键。 (即Ctrl+Alt+J)并在我的程序中触发一个事件。

到目前为止,我发现这个 dll 似乎是正确的路径"

[DllImport("user32.dll")]private static extern int RegisterHotKey(IntPtr hwnd, int id,int fsModifiers, int vk);

[DllImport("user32.dll")] private static extern int UnregisterHotKey(IntPtr hwnd, int id);

【问题讨论】:

标签: c# .net hotkeys


【解决方案1】:

请注意,此代码不会触发控制台应用程序项目中的事件。您必须使用 WinForms 项目才能触发事件。

这是正确的代码:

public sealed  class KeyboardHook : IDisposable
{
    // Registers a hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool RegisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id, uint fsModifiers, uint vk);
    // Unregisters the hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool UnregisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id);

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the window that is used internally to get the messages.
    /// </summary>
    private class Window : NativeWindow, IDisposable
    {
        private static int WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;

        public Window()
        {
            // create the handle for the window.
            this.CreateHandle(new CreateParams());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden to get the notifications.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m"></param>
        protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            base.WndProc(ref m);

            // check if we got a hot key pressed.
            if (m.Msg == WM_HOTKEY)
            {
                // get the keys.
                Keys key = (Keys)(((int)m.LParam >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
                ModifierKeys modifier = (ModifierKeys)((int)m.LParam & 0xFFFF);

                // invoke the event to notify the parent.
                if (KeyPressed != null)
                    KeyPressed(this, new KeyPressedEventArgs(modifier, key));
            }
        }

        public event EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs> KeyPressed;

        #region IDisposable Members

        public void Dispose()
        {
            this.DestroyHandle();
        }

        #endregion
    }

    private Window _window = new Window();
    private int _currentId;

    public KeyboardHook()
    {
        // register the event of the inner native window.
        _window.KeyPressed += delegate(object sender, KeyPressedEventArgs args)
        {
            if (KeyPressed != null)
                KeyPressed(this, args);
        };
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Registers a hot key in the system.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="modifier">The modifiers that are associated with the hot key.</param>
    /// <param name="key">The key itself that is associated with the hot key.</param>
    public void RegisterHotKey(ModifierKeys modifier, Keys key)
    {
        // increment the counter.
        _currentId = _currentId + 1;

        // register the hot key.
        if (!RegisterHotKey(_window.Handle, _currentId, (uint)modifier, (uint)key))
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn’t register the hot key.");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A hot key has been pressed.
    /// </summary>
    public event EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs> KeyPressed;

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        // unregister all the registered hot keys.
        for (int i = _currentId; i > 0; i--)
        {
            UnregisterHotKey(_window.Handle, i);
        }

        // dispose the inner native window.
        _window.Dispose();
    }

    #endregion
}

/// <summary>
/// Event Args for the event that is fired after the hot key has been pressed.
/// </summary>
public class KeyPressedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    private ModifierKeys _modifier;
    private Keys _key;

    internal KeyPressedEventArgs(ModifierKeys modifier, Keys key)
    {
        _modifier = modifier;
        _key = key;
    }

    public ModifierKeys Modifier
    {
        get { return _modifier; }
    }

    public Keys Key
    {
        get { return _key; }
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// The enumeration of possible modifiers.
/// </summary>
[Flags]
public enum ModifierKeys : uint
{
    Alt = 1,
    Control = 2,
    Shift = 4,
    Win = 8
}

使用(我必须编辑修饰键来投射它们(修饰符)1(修饰符)2等

public partial  class Form1 : Form
{
    KeyboardHook hook = new KeyboardHook();

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        // register the event that is fired after the key press.
        hook.KeyPressed +=
            new EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs>(hook_KeyPressed);
        // register the control + alt + F12 combination as hot key.
        hook.RegisterHotKey(ModifierKeys.Control | ModifierKeys.Alt,
            Keys.F12);
    }

    void hook_KeyPressed(object sender, KeyPressedEventArgs e)
    {
        // show the keys pressed in a label.
        label1.Text = e.Modifier.ToString() + " + " + e.Key.ToString();
    }
}

【讨论】:

  • 如果我不想要任何修饰键,我应该放什么? RegisterHotKey() 强制你输入一些东西。
  • @DanW 我认为枚举有ModifierKeys.None
  • @DanW 将None = 0 添加到public enum ModifierKeys 声明中,看看是否可行。
  • 公平点,但在极少数情况下,全局使用功能键或键盘可能会很有用。顺便说一句,您的 Add None = 0 建议崩溃了。
  • 在另一个问题上,我似乎无法正确Dispose()。一旦我用RegisterHotKey() 重新创建了热键,热键就无法使用。在处理的时候,我什至还尝试了hook.KeyPressed -= new EventHandler&lt;KeyPressedEventArgs&gt;(myFunc);,但没有成功。我还尝试更改hook.Dispose();hook.KeyPressed -= ...... 的顺序,但没有成功。也许您可以更新您的代码以帮助取消注册。
【解决方案2】:

我从 AaronLS 那里得到了答案,并为简单的单行注册重写了一点。

注册:

GlobalHotKey.RegisterHotKey("Alt + Shift + S", () => DoSomething());

班级:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Input;

public class GlobalHotKey : IDisposable
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Registers a global hotkey
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="aKeyGesture">e.g. Alt + Shift + Control + Win + S</param>
    /// <param name="aAction">Action to be called when hotkey is pressed</param>
    /// <returns>true, if registration succeeded, otherwise false</returns>
    public static bool RegisterHotKey(string aKeyGestureString, Action aAction)
    {
        var c = new KeyGestureConverter();
        KeyGesture aKeyGesture = (KeyGesture)c.ConvertFrom(aKeyGestureString);
        return RegisterHotKey(aKeyGesture.Modifiers, aKeyGesture.Key, aAction);
    }

    public static bool RegisterHotKey(ModifierKeys aModifier, Key aKey, Action aAction)
    {
        if(aModifier == ModifierKeys.None)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Modifier must not be ModifierKeys.None");
        }
        if (aAction is null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(aAction));
        }

        System.Windows.Forms.Keys aVirtualKeyCode = (System.Windows.Forms.Keys)KeyInterop.VirtualKeyFromKey(aKey);
        currentID = currentID + 1;
        bool aRegistered = RegisterHotKey(window.Handle, currentID,
                                    (uint)aModifier | MOD_NOREPEAT,
                                    (uint)aVirtualKeyCode);

        if(aRegistered)
        {
            registeredHotKeys.Add(new HotKeyWithAction(aModifier, aKey, aAction));
        }
        return aRegistered;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        // unregister all the registered hot keys.
        for (int i = currentID; i > 0; i--)
        {
            UnregisterHotKey(window.Handle, i);
        }

        // dispose the inner native window.
        window.Dispose();
    }

    static GlobalHotKey()
    {
        window.KeyPressed += (s, e) =>
        {
            registeredHotKeys.ForEach(x =>
            {
                if (e.Modifier == x.Modifier && e.Key == x.Key)
                {
                    x.Action();
                }
            });
        };
    }

    private static readonly InvisibleWindowForMessages window = new InvisibleWindowForMessages();
    private static int currentID;
    private static uint MOD_NOREPEAT = 0x4000;
    private static List<HotKeyWithAction> registeredHotKeys = new List<HotKeyWithAction>();

    private class HotKeyWithAction
    {

        public HotKeyWithAction(ModifierKeys modifier, Key key, Action action)
        {
            Modifier = modifier;
            Key = key;
            Action = action;
        }

        public ModifierKeys Modifier { get; }
        public Key Key { get; }
        public Action Action { get; }
    }

    // Registers a hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool RegisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id, uint fsModifiers, uint vk);
    // Unregisters the hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool UnregisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id);

    private class InvisibleWindowForMessages : System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow, IDisposable
    {
        public InvisibleWindowForMessages()
        {
            CreateHandle(new System.Windows.Forms.CreateParams());
        }

        private static int WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
        protected override void WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
        {
            base.WndProc(ref m);

            if (m.Msg == WM_HOTKEY)
            {
                var aWPFKey = KeyInterop.KeyFromVirtualKey(((int)m.LParam >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
                ModifierKeys modifier = (ModifierKeys)((int)m.LParam & 0xFFFF);
                if (KeyPressed != null)
                {
                    KeyPressed(this, new HotKeyPressedEventArgs(modifier, aWPFKey));
                }
            }
        }

        public class HotKeyPressedEventArgs : EventArgs
        {
            private ModifierKeys _modifier;
            private Key _key;

            internal HotKeyPressedEventArgs(ModifierKeys modifier, Key key)
            {
                _modifier = modifier;
                _key = key;
            }

            public ModifierKeys Modifier
            {
                get { return _modifier; }
            }

            public Key Key
            {
                get { return _key; }
            }
        }


        public event EventHandler<HotKeyPressedEventArgs> KeyPressed;

        #region IDisposable Members

        public void Dispose()
        {
            this.DestroyHandle();
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

【讨论】:

    【解决方案3】:

    这是original answer 的工作 端口:

    KeyboardHook.vb

    Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
    
    Public NotInheritable Class KeyboardHook
        Implements IDisposable
    
        ' Registers a hot key with Windows.
        <DllImport("user32.dll")> _
        Private Shared Function RegisterHotKey(hWnd As IntPtr, id As Integer, fsModifiers As UInteger, vk As UInteger) As Boolean
        End Function
    
        ' Unregisters the hot key with Windows.
        <DllImport("user32.dll")> _
        Private Shared Function UnregisterHotKey(hWnd As IntPtr, id As Integer) As Boolean
        End Function
    
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Represents the window that is used internally to get the messages.
        ''' </summary>
        Private Class Window
            Inherits NativeWindow
            Implements IDisposable
            Private Shared WM_HOTKEY As Integer = &H312
    
            Public Sub New()
                ' create the handle for the window.
                Me.CreateHandle(New CreateParams())
            End Sub
    
            Public Event KeyPressed As EventHandler(Of KeyPressedEventArgs)
    
            ''' <summary>
            ''' Overridden to get the notifications.
            ''' </summary>
            ''' <param name="m"></param>
            Protected Overrides Sub WndProc(ByRef m As Message)
                MyBase.WndProc(m)
    
                ' check if we got a hot key pressed.
                If m.Msg = WM_HOTKEY Then
                    ' get the keys.
                    Dim key As Keys = DirectCast((CInt(m.LParam) >> 16) And &HFFFF, Keys)
                    Dim modifier As ModifierKeys = DirectCast(CUInt(CInt(m.LParam) And &HFFFF), ModifierKeys)
    
                    ' invoke the event to notify the parent.
                    RaiseEvent KeyPressed(Me, New KeyPressedEventArgs(modifier, key))
                End If
            End Sub
    
    #Region " IDisposable Members"
    
            Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
                Me.DestroyHandle()
            End Sub
    
    #End Region
        End Class
    
        Private _window As New Window()
        Private _currentId As Integer
    
        Public Sub New()
            ' register the event of the inner native window.
            AddHandler _window.KeyPressed, Sub(sender As Object, args As KeyPressedEventArgs)
                                               RaiseEvent KeyPressed(Me, args)
                                           End Sub
        End Sub
    
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Registers a hot key in the system.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="modifier">The modifiers that are associated with the hot key.</param>
        ''' <param name="key">The key itself that is associated with the hot key.</param>
        Public Sub RegisterHotKey(modifier As ModifierKeys, key As Keys)
            ' increment the counter.
            _currentId = _currentId + 1
    
            ' register the hot key.
            If Not RegisterHotKey(_window.Handle, _currentId, DirectCast(modifier, UInteger), CUInt(key)) Then
                'Throw New InvalidOperationException("Couldn’t register the hot key.")
                'or use MsgBox("Couldn’t register the hot key.")
            End If
        End Sub
    
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A hot key has been pressed.
        ''' </summary>
        Public Event KeyPressed As EventHandler(Of KeyPressedEventArgs)
    
    #Region " IDisposable Members"
    
        Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
            ' unregister all the registered hot keys.
            Dim i As Integer = _currentId
            While i > 0
                UnregisterHotKey(_window.Handle, i)
                System.Math.Max(System.Threading.Interlocked.Decrement(i), i + 1)
            End While
    
            ' dispose the inner native window.
            _window.Dispose()
        End Sub
    
    #End Region
    End Class
    
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Event Args for the event that is fired after the hot key has been pressed.
    ''' </summary>
    Public Class KeyPressedEventArgs
        Inherits EventArgs
        Private _modifier As ModifierKeys
        Private _key As Keys
    
        Friend Sub New(modifier As ModifierKeys, key As Keys)
            _modifier = modifier
            _key = key
        End Sub
    
        Public ReadOnly Property Modifier() As ModifierKeys
            Get
                Return _modifier
            End Get
        End Property
    
        Public ReadOnly Property Key() As Keys
            Get
                Return _key
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class
    
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The enumeration of possible modifiers.
    ''' </summary>
    <Flags> _
    Public Enum ModifierKeys As UInteger
        Alt = 1
        Control = 2
        Shift = 4
        Win = 8
    End Enum
    

    Form1.vb

    任务:

    1. 将下面的 2 个 Application1 实例替换为您的应用程序名称(在 Visual Studio Solution Explorer 窗口中可以将其视为树的根)。
    2. 将对AddGlobalHotkeySupport() 的调用添加到应用程序的初始化阶段。
    3. 将对RemoveGlobalHotkeySupport() 的调用添加到您的应用程序的完成阶段。

    代码:

    Public Sub AddGlobalHotkeySupport()  'TODO: call this at initialization of the application
    
        ' register the event that is fired after the key press.
        AddHandler hook.KeyPressed, AddressOf hook_KeyPressed
    
        ' register the control + alt + F12 combination as hot key.
        hook.RegisterHotKey(Application1.ModifierKeys.Control Or Application1.ModifierKeys.Alt, Keys.F12)
    
    End Sub
    
    Public Sub RemoveGlobalHotkeySupport()  'TODO: call this at finalization of the application
        ' unregister all registered hot keys.
        hook.Dispose()
    End Sub
    
    Private Sub hook_KeyPressed(sender As Object, e As KeyPressedEventArgs)
        ' show the keys pressed in a label.
        MsgBox(e.Modifier.ToString() + " + " + e.Key.ToString())
    End Sub
    

    【讨论】:

    • 类名不应该是键盘钩子,因为这不是键盘钩子。这是一个注册热键并监听 WM_HOTKEY 消息的类。
    • @MichaelZ。 - 一个很好的收获。 OTOH,这只是来自the other answer 的代码端口,所以也许您最好在此处附上您的评论。
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