在 heroku 上部署 selenium 脚本时出现问题答案

【问题标题】：Issues while deploying selenium script on heroku在 heroku 上部署 selenium 脚本时出现问题
【发布时间】：2020-08-10 20:20:48
【问题描述】：

我对 heroku 完全陌生，我试图部署一个简单的 python 脚本来打印谷歌的源代码。这是我的脚本：

import os
from selenium import webdriver
op = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
op.binary_location = os.environ.get("GOOGLE_CHROME_BIN")
op.add_argument("--headless")
op.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
op.add_argument("--disable-dev-sh-usage")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"),chrome_options=op)
driver.get('https://google.com')
print(driver.page_source)

这些是我在 heroku 上的配置变量

CHROMEDRIVER_PATH = /app/.chromedriver/bin/chromedriver

GOOGLE_CHROME_BIN = /app/.apt/usr/bin/google-chrome

我在heroku上遇到的错误是这个

2020-08-10T20:18:21.304180+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting
2020-08-10T20:18:48.000000+00:00 app[api]: Build succeeded
2020-08-10T20:18:49.871354+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `python google.py`
2020-08-10T20:18:53.312155+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2020-08-10T20:18:53.367125+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2020-08-10T20:18:53.371240+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting
2020-08-10T20:18:53.206728+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-08-10T20:18:53.206831+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "google.py", line 8, in <module>
2020-08-10T20:18:53.207147+00:00 app[web.1]:     driver = webdriver.Chrome(os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"),op)
2020-08-10T20:18:53.208271+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 73, in __init__
2020-08-10T20:18:53.208582+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.service.start()
2020-08-10T20:18:53.208623+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 71, in start
2020-08-10T20:18:53.208923+00:00 app[web.1]:     cmd.extend(self.command_line_args())
2020-08-10T20:18:53.208958+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/service.py", line 45, in command_line_args
2020-08-10T20:18:53.209208+00:00 app[web.1]:     return ["--port=%d" % self.port] + self.service_args
2020-08-10T20:18:53.209262+00:00 app[web.1]: TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not Options
2020-08-10T20:19:06.776347+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `python google.py`
2020-08-10T20:19:10.012273+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2020-08-10T20:19:10.081926+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881424+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881458+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "google.py", line 8, in <module>
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881678+00:00 app[web.1]:     driver = webdriver.Chrome(os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"),op)
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881717+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 73, in __init__
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881941+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.service.start()
2020-08-10T20:19:09.881974+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 71, in start
2020-08-10T20:19:09.882191+00:00 app[web.1]:     cmd.extend(self.command_line_args())
2020-08-10T20:19:09.882227+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/service.py", line 45, in command_line_args
2020-08-10T20:19:09.882434+00:00 app[web.1]:     return ["--port=%d" % self.port] + self.service_args
2020-08-10T20:19:09.882481+00:00 app[web.1]: TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not Options

【问题讨论】：

标签： python selenium heroku

【解决方案1】：

chrome_options 现在已弃用，您必须改用options，您的有效代码块将是：

import os
from selenium import webdriver

op = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
op.binary_location = os.environ.get("GOOGLE_CHROME_BIN")
op.add_argument("--headless")
op.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
op.add_argument("--disable-dev-sh-usage")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"), options=op)

参考文献

您可以在以下位置找到一些相关讨论：

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

TL;DR您需要将正确的代码（使用chrome_options=op）重新部署到 Heroku。

解释

仔细查看回溯。它提到了这一行：

driver = webdriver.Chrome(os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"),
                          op)

这与您认为您执行的代码中的行不同：

driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"),
                          chrome_options=op)

webdriver.Chrome.__init__ 的第二个位置参数确实应该是port，这完全解释了错误

return ["--port=%d" % self.port] + self.service_args
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not Options

它抱怨 self.port 是 Options 对象而不是 int（%d 期望的）。

【讨论】：

感谢您的帮助。