安装 Ruby on Rails 时出错

Question

我正试图在我的本地机器上安装 Ruby on Rails 以用于开发目的，但我遇到了一个错误。我不太清楚，但似乎它可能是一个宝石错误。不过，这是我第一次尝试同时使用 Ruby、Gem 和 Rails 这三种方法，所以我不确定。

运行命令“sudo gem install rails -V”这些是错误命中后打印的最后几行：

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)  
    from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
    from extconf.rb:13:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/atomic-1.1.14 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/atomic-1.1.14/ext/gem_make.out

安装的Ruby版本是：

ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 revision 35410) [i686-linux]

gem的版本是：

1.8.23

Answer 1

以普通用户身份安装 gem，而不是 sudo：

gem install rails

或者安装 ruby​​ 开发包。 SO中有很多类似的答案：

Failed to build gem native extension — Rails install

Unable to install gem - Failed to build gem native extension - cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

Failed to build gem native extension (mkmf (LoadError)) - Ubuntu 12.04

Answer 2

来自atomic gem README。

As of 1.1.0, JDK8 is required to build the atomic gem, since it attempts to use the new atomic

请安装 Java，然后重新运行 gem 安装过程。

Answer 3

你有什么 Linux？

在 Mint 上，我做到了：

sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
sudo apt-get install git-core
source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
bash -s stable < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer)
rvm autolibs enable
rvm reload
rvm requirements
sudo apt-get install build-essential openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf libc6-dev ncurses-dev automake libtool bison subversion
rvm install ruby-2.0
curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --rails

而且效果很好。但是，这将（当前）安装 Ruby 2.0 和 rails 4.0。