更改 grub 中的默认内核版本

Question

这是我的arch linux的grub.cfg文件的内容。

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
insmod part_gpt
insmod part_msdos
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=pt_BR
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_input console
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
  set timeout_style=menu
  set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
  set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt3'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
    fi
    echo    'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw  quiet
    echo    'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
    initrd  /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
}
submenu 'Opções avançadas para Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
    menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux-lts' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt3'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        fi
        echo    'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw  quiet
        echo    'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
        initrd  /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
    }
    menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-lts (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt3'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        fi
        echo    'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw  quiet
        echo    'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
        initrd  /boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
    }
    menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt3'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        fi
        echo    'Carregando o Linux linux...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw  quiet
        echo    'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
        initrd  /boot/initramfs-linux.img
    }
    menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt3'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
        fi
        echo    'Carregando o Linux linux...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw  quiet
        echo    'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
        initrd  /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
    }
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

我希望非 lts 版本成为默认版本，因此我不需要在打开计算机时转到高级选项并选择最后一个版本。你能帮助我吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

您可以使用 Grub Customizer 设置默认启动项。 通过运行安装 Grub Customizer

# pacman -S grub-customizer

然后打开它。转到“常规设置”选项卡并设置默认条目。

Answer 2

1. 确定要使用的内核菜单项：

$ sudo grep gnulinux /boot/grub/grub.cfg
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
    menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-ck-skylake-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3'
...

1. 编辑/etc/default/grub 以选择您喜欢的默认菜单项。您可以通过 GRUB 条目列表中的索引或上一个命令中显示的名称来引用菜单条目。

# GRUB_DEFAULT=0 # default/first menu entry
GRUB_DEFAULT='Advanced options for Arch Linux>Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' # your new choice

请注意，您可以使用 > 字符访问子菜单条目，例如（0>1 显示在 1. 的输出中的第一个子菜单，有关更多详细信息，请参阅下面的 wiki 条目。）。显然，我的条目是在“高级选项”条目下。

1. 更新 GRUB（我更喜欢易于记忆的 update-grub 软件包，这是 Debian 发行版的默认软件包）：

$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

来源：Arch Linux Wiki article on GRUB。

Answer 3

在此之前，请确保您可以恢复到当前状态，以防此尝试失败。

在您的 grub.cfg 中，以“menuentry 'Arch Linux'”开头的部分是指向默认内核的部分。让它指向你选择的内核：

1. 将以“linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts...”开头的条目更改为您的自定义内核映像（例如“linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc- 8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet”在同一个 grub.cfg 文件中）

2. 将条目“initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img”更改为与您的自定义内核对应的 initramfs。

我猜你已经有了你的自定义内核和相应的 initramfs 可用。您始终可以通过运行 # mkinitcpio -g /boot/mycustominitramfs -k /boot/mycustomkernelimage

来生成 initramfs