Laravel 关系/加入不起作用

【问题标题】：Laravel Relationship/JOIN not workingLaravel 关系/加入不起作用
【发布时间】：2015-05-08 09:47:31
【问题描述】：

我可能会错过与 Eloquent 的关系这一点，但是，如果我使用原始 SQL 进行，这将是我的查询；

SELECT [I have lots of columns I won't list them all here] 
FROM payments as t1 
LEFT JOIN selected_postcodes_34894839483_1 as t2 ON t1.`Vendor ZIP` = t2.postcode

selected_postcodes_xxxxxxx_x 只是保存一个邮政编码列表。

我的控制器是这样的；

$temp_table_data = new TempTable;
$payments = $temp_table_data
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")
    ->payment()->get()->toArray();

当时，我认为该查询的 ->payment() 部分可能会返回所有相关的付款数据。我认为这不对，但我不知道还能尝试什么。

我有这样的模型；

class Payment extends Model {
  public function tempTable()
  {
    return $this->belongsTo('App\Models\TempTable', 'postcode', 'Vendor ZIP');
  }

和;

class TempTable extends Model {
  public function setTempTable($selected_tablename){
    $this->table = $selected_tablename;
    return $this;
   }

  public function getTable(){
     if (isset($this->table))
       $this->setTempTable($this->table);
       return $this->table;
    }

  public function payment(){
    return $this->hasMany('App\Models\Payment', 'Vendor ZIP', 'postcode');
  }
}

我尝试过只是看看 TempTable 模型是否可以正常工作 - 忘记了连接/关系；

$data = $temp_table_data->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")->get()->toArray();

这确实有效。我得到了一个适当的集合返回。我也尝试过占用Vendor ZIP 中的空间，但没有任何帮助。

---更新---

这是我得到的错误；

SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'payments.Vendor ZIP' in 'where clause' 
(SQL: select * from `payments` where `payments`.`Vendor ZIP` is null and `payments`.`Vendor ZIP` is not null)

---第二次更新---

CREATE TABLE `selected_postcodes_1431076067_1` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`postcode` varchar(7) DEFAULT NULL,
`updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1581 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

我不是此表的所有者 - 所以我可能无法更改字段名称以删除空格（除非必要）； 

CREATE TABLE `payments` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Input RAC` varchar(6) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Input LPC Code` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Input UIN Code` varchar(6) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Fiscal Year` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Contract Number` varchar(14) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Foreign Ind` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Valued or Running` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Recoverable Ind` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Contract Title` varchar(93) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Contract Start Date` date DEFAULT NULL,
`Current Contract End Date` date DEFAULT NULL,
`IPT or Team Short Title` varchar(8) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`BLB No DEFFORM 57` varchar(4) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Senior Comm Officer Title` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`P2P Contract Exemption` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Current Total Contract Value` int(8) DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Code` int(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`Current Vendor Name` varchar(39) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Site Code` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Reg No` int(7) DEFAULT NULL,
`NCage` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`P2P Ind` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SME Ind` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW1 - Concept` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW2 - Assessment` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW3 - Demonstration` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW4 - Manufacture` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW5 - In-Service` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW6 - Disposal` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW7 - Project Support` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW8 - Ext Assistance` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW9 - Hire/Lease` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW10 - MAC` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW11 - Provision of Services` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW12 - Defence Estates` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TOW13 - Provision of Utilities` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Ext Assist Cat` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC Code PFI` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC` int(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC Version` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC Group Cleansed Flag` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC Group Uncleansed` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`SIC Group Cleansed` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`Type01- Int Collab/MOU` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Type02 - Partnering` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Type03 - PFI` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Type04 - Enabling Pan Govt` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Type05 - Framework Tech Services` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Type06 - Enabling MOD Only` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust1 - Navy` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust2 - MOD` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust3 - Army` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust4 - OGD/Agency` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust5 - Air Force` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EndCust6 - Other Govts` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov1 - Int Prop Rights` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov2 - Defcon 176A` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov3 - Interim Payments` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov4 - Liquidated Damages` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov5 - Defform 47SC` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov6 - Defcon 528` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov7 - Earned Value Mgmt` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov8 - Express Guarantee` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov9 - Cttr Log Support` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prov10 - Gain Share` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Competitive Ind` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`VOP Indicator` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP1 - DEFCON 127` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP2 - DEFCON 643` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP3 - DEFCON 648` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP4 - DEFCON 653` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP5 - Govt Prof Formula Rates Apply` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NCP6 - Target Cost Arrangement` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEA1 - Being Negotiated` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEA2 - Anticipated But Deferred` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEA3 - Concluded` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEA4 - Not Anticipated` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEA5 - N/A` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef1 - Standard Agreement` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef2 - Omnibus Agreement` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef3 - Master Agreement` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef4 - International MOU` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef5 - Subcontract CEA 1` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef6 - Subcontract CEA 2` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CEARef7 - Subcontract CEA 3` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item1 - CWI` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item2 - CWA` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item3 - CSI` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item4 - CEI` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item5 - DEFCON 23` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Loan Item6 - DEFCON 694` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SCA1` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SCA2` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SCA3` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`SCA Value` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req Ind` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 1 - Exempt` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 2 – Non-exempt` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 5 – PSC Non-Schedule 5` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 6 – PSC Schedule 5` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 7 – PWC` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 8 – PSvC` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 9 – Abs of tender` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 10 – R&D (Supply Cont)` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 11 – Extreme urgency` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 12 – Prop/Tech` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 13 – Works/Services` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 14 – Supplies/Wks/Svcs added` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req 15 – Cat B Service` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Req Advert` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`EC Requirements Below Threshold` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Sustainable Procurement Pre` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Sustainable Procurement Post` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CITS Applicable` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CITS Type Sub CTR` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Contract Transparency Indicator` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`FOI Absolute Exemption` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`FOI Exemption` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Military Sensitive Technical Information` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Warlike Stores` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`CIO Endorsed Exemption` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Financial Transparency Indicator` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Warlike Stores (Total Exemption)` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`FT CIO Endorsed Exemption` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`NAMCO funded Contract` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`PO Header Closed Code` varchar(4) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`PO Header Closed Date` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EndCust7` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EndCust8` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist NCP6` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist Prov6` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist TOW13` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist TOW14` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist TOW Other` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist Type04` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`IMP EU` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`IMP Non EU` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Security Classification` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`Overseas Subcontractor` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Price Status 1 - Agreed at Outset` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Price Status 2 - tba` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Price Status 3 - Firm` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Price Status 4 - Fixed` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Price Status 5 - Provisional` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 3` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 4` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 7` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 9` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 11` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Hist EC Req 18` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime LOW Code` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime LOW Percentage` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime Region` varchar(13) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime UK-Overseas` varchar(13) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime LOW Payment` decimal(9,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`Prime LOW VAT` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`TLB Code` varchar(3) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`TLB Name` varchar(27) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`IMG Code` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`MG Code` varchar(3) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`BLB Code` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`BLB Name` varchar(24) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Address Line1` varchar(23) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Address Line2` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Address Line3` varchar(28) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Address Line4` varchar(22) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Address Lines Alt` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor City` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor County` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor ZIP` varchar(7) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`Vendor Country` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

【问题讨论】：

  • 你能添加你的数据库表结构吗？
  • 我没有看到Vendor ZIP 列。只有Vendor Code。会不会是这个问题？
  • 就在底部
  • @mike3875 这行得通，还是你得到一个错误：$data = $temp_table_data->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")->with('payment')->get()->toArray();
  • 与问题无关，但请考虑为您的数据库字段和方法使用正确的命名约定。从长远来看，这将使您的事情变得更容易。关于这个问题；就像帕特里克斯说的，你试图在一个空模型上获取一个关系。顺便说一句，您的反向关系 (belongsTo) 将不起作用，因为没有设置适当的表，Laravel 将默认为 temp_table 那里

标签： php laravel eloquent laravel-5


【解决方案1】：

我看到的一个问题是，使用您给定的代码，您在一个空的 TempTable 对象上调用了 payment()。要获取相关记录，首先需要获取TempTable 记录。为了分解它，你已经完成了：

$temp_table_data = new TempTable;

// start with empty TempTable object
$payments = $temp_table_data

    // set the table attribute on the empty object
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")

    // gets the payment relationship from the empty object
    ->payment()

    // gets all the payments for an empty object
    ->get()

    // converts collection to array
    ->toArray();

为了获取TempTable 对象的相关付款，您首先需要获取填充的TempTable 对象。例如：

$temp_table = new TempTable;
$temp_table_data = $temp_table
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")
    ->get();

// $temp_table_data is now a Collection of all the records in the given table

// loop through all the records and print out their payments
foreach($temp_table_data as $tt) {
    print_r($tt->payment->toArray());
}

另请注意，如果您想加快速度，可以在从临时表中获取记录时eager load付款关系：

$temp_table_data = $temp_table
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")
    ->with('payment') // eager load payment relationship
    ->get();

编辑

响应 cmets 关于急切加载

在这种情况下，由于必须在创建模型的新实例后设置表名，所以不能在模型上调用with()；您需要在使用实例化模型创建的查询对象上向下钻取并调用 with()。因此，您需要在方法链中再添加一个调用，而不是上面的代码：

$temp_table_data = $temp_table
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")
    ->newQuery() // get a new query builder object for this instance
    ->with('payment') // eager load payment relationship on the query object
    ->get();

当您在模型上调用with() 时，它会创建模型的一个新实例，然后使用该新实例创建一个新的查询构建器对象。您的情况的问题是模型的新实例不会设置表名。

编辑 2

回复 cmets 关于选择特定列的问题

如果您想修改用于支付的查询（例如仅选择特定列），您有两种选择，具体取决于您是否急切加载。

如果不是预先加载，您只需像任何其他查询一样修改付款查询：

foreach($temp_table_data as $tt) {
    // note the use of the relationship query (payment()), not the Collection attribute (payment)
    print_r($tt->payment()->select('Input RAC', 'Contract Number', 'Foreign Ind')->toArray());
}

如果是预先加载，您可以修改用于预先加载数据的查询。在with() 方法中，您将一个关系数组传递给预加载，其中键是关系的名称，值是用于修改关系查询的闭包。这里需要注意的一点是，如果修改了 select 子句，则必须将包含外键的列包含到 TempTable 表中，否则 Laravel 将不知道如何链接正在创建的对象。

$temp_table_data = $temp_table
    ->setTempTable("selected_postcodes_{$timestamp_string}_{$userid}")
    ->newQuery() // get a new query builder object for this instance
    ->with(['payment' => function ($query) {
        // this Closure contains the query object for the payment relationship
        // make sure your select includes the foreign key
        $query->select('Vendor ZIP', 'Input RAC', 'Contract Number', 'Foreign Ind');
    }]) // eager load payment relationship on the query object
    ->get();

【讨论】：

  • 谢谢。尝试加载 SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1096 No tables used (SQL: select *) 时出现错误。你知道为什么吗？
  • 另外，我如何使用payment 仅从支付表中选择某些行（因为它是一个很大的表）。我试过print_r($tt->payment('Input RAC','Contract Number','Foreign Ind')->toArray()); 但没有运气..
  • @mike3875 我已经更新了我的答案以响应您的 cmets。
  • 太棒了。谢谢。我的阵列有点疯了。不仅仅是一个巨大的多阵列，还有许多多阵列，每个阵列都有看似随机数量的子阵列。奇怪！
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