【发布时间】:2015-04-07 20:12:35
【问题描述】:
调查 Swift 泛型,并偶然发现一些非常奇怪的行为......我应该提交雷达,还是我在这里误解了什么?使用 Swift 1.2 beta 测试。
代码说得最好,最简单的实现将工厂限制为实例化 BaseClass 和派生类:
/// Testing factory pattern to instantiate BaseClass and derived
class BaseClassFactory
{
// Always returns an instance of BaseClass, even if the constant or
// variable storing the result is explicitly typed( see test )
class func makeInstance< T : BaseClass >( type: AnyClass ) -> T?
{
return T()
}
// Returns an instance of DerivedClass only if the constant or variable storing
// the result is explicitly typed.
class func makeInstanceContrived< T : BaseClass >( type: AnyClass ) -> T?
{
let instance : T? = T.makeInstance() as? T
return instance
}
// Works fine
class func makeInstanceAndCallBack< T : BaseClass >( handler: ( instance: T? ) -> Void ) -> Void
{
let myInstance : T? = T.makeInstance() as? T
handler( instance: myInstance )
}
}
class BaseClass
{
// Since T() fails...
class func makeInstance()->BaseClass
{
return BaseClass()
}
}
class DerivedClass : BaseClass
{
override class func makeInstance()->BaseClass
{
return DerivedClass()
}
}
测试,带有非常奇怪行为的屏幕截图(尽管有编译器警告,'is' 测试确实通过了):
// Nope
if let instance = BaseClassFactory.makeInstance( DerivedClass.Type )
{
if instance is DerivedClass == false
{
println( "1: Wrong type..." )
}
}
// Nope, even when typing the constant. This seems like very dangerous behaviour...
if let instance : DerivedClass = BaseClassFactory.makeInstance( DerivedClass.Type )
{
if instance is DerivedClass == false
{
//compiler even gives a warning here: " 'is' test is always true "
println( "2: what the???" )
}
}
// Nope
if let contrivedInstance = BaseClassFactory.makeInstanceContrived( DerivedClass.Type )
{
if contrivedInstance is DerivedClass == false
{
println( "3: Wrong type..." )
}
}
// Yes, typing the constant does the trick here
if let contrivedInstance : DerivedClass = BaseClassFactory.makeInstanceContrived( DerivedClass.Type )
{
println( "4: success! type is: \(contrivedInstance )" )
}
// Yes
BaseClassFactory.makeInstanceAndCallBack()
{
( instance: DerivedClass? ) -> Void in
if let callbackInstance = instance
{
println( "5: success! type is: \(callbackInstance )" )
}
}
【问题讨论】: