无法从用 Tcl 编写的应用程序中找到包

Question

感谢 cmets，更好地理解了这个问题。变量：

thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ echo 'puts $auto_path' | tclsh
/usr/share/tcltk/tcl8.6 /usr/share/tcltk /usr/lib /usr/local/lib/tcltk /usr/local/share/tcltk /usr/lib/tcltk/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/tcltk /usr/lib/tcltk/tcl8.6
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ echo 'puts $tcl_pkgPath' | tclsh
/usr/local/lib/tcltk /usr/local/share/tcltk           /usr/lib/tcltk/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/tcltk /usr/share/tcltk         /usr/lib/tcltk/tcl8.6 /usr/lib
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 

代码：

thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ ll
total 16
drwxrwxr-x 2 thufir thufir 4096 May  4 02:22 ./
drwxrwxr-x 6 thufir thufir 4096 May  4 02:22 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thufir thufir  215 May  4 02:21 foo.tcl
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thufir thufir 1207 May  4 02:20 tutstack.tcl
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ cat foo.tcl 
package require tutstack 1.0

set stack [tutstack::create]
foreach num {1 2 3 4 5} { tutstack::push $stack $num }

while { ![tutstack::empty $stack] } {
    puts "[tutstack::pop $stack]"
}

tutstack::destroy $stack
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ cat tutstack.tcl 
# Register the package
package provide tutstack 1.0
package require Tcl      8.5

# Create the namespace
namespace eval ::tutstack {
    # Export commands
    namespace export create destroy push pop peek empty

    # Set up state
    variable stack
    variable id 0
}

# Create a new stack
proc ::tutstack::create {} {
    variable stack
    variable id

    set token "stack[incr id]"
    set stack($token) [list]
    return $token
}

# Destroy a stack
proc ::tutstack::destroy {token} {
    variable stack

    unset stack($token)
}

# Push an element onto a stack
proc ::tutstack::push {token elem} {
    variable stack

    lappend stack($token) $elem
}

# Check if stack is empty
proc ::tutstack::empty {token} {
    variable stack

    set num [llength $stack($token)]
    return [expr {$num == 0}]
}

# See what is on top of the stack without removing it
proc ::tutstack::peek {token} {
    variable stack

    if {[empty $token]} {
    error "stack empty"
    }

    return [lindex $stack($token) end]
}

# Remove an element from the top of the stack
proc ::tutstack::pop {token} {
    variable stack

    set ret [peek $token]
    set stack($token) [lrange $stack($token) 0 end-1]
    return $ret
}
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ tclsh foo.tcl 
can't find package tutstack 1.0
    while executing
"package require tutstack 1.0"
    (file "foo.tcl" line 1)
thufir@dur:~/tcl/packages$ 

据我了解，我需要compile 提供包裹所在位置的列表或地图。

Answer 1

运行结果：

thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ tree
.
├── api
│   ├── pkgIndex.tcl
│   └── tutstack.tcl
└── main.tcl

1 directory, 3 files
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ cat main.tcl 
lappend auto_path /home/thufir/tcl/foo/api
package require tutstack 1.0


set stack [tutstack::create]
foreach num {1 2 3 4 5} { tutstack::push $stack $num }

while { ![tutstack::empty $stack] } {
    puts "[tutstack::pop $stack]"
}

tutstack::destroy $stack
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ cat api/pkgIndex.tcl 
# Tcl package index file, version 1.1
# This file is generated by the "pkg_mkIndex" command
# and sourced either when an application starts up or
# by a "package unknown" script.  It invokes the
# "package ifneeded" command to set up package-related
# information so that packages will be loaded automatically
# in response to "package require" commands.  When this
# script is sourced, the variable $dir must contain the
# full path name of this file's directory.

package ifneeded tutstack 1.0 [list source [file join $dir tutstack.tcl]]
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ cat api/tutstack.tcl 
# Register the package
package provide tutstack 1.0
package require Tcl      8.5

# Create the namespace
namespace eval ::tutstack {
    # Export commands
    namespace export create destroy push pop peek empty

    # Set up state
    variable stack
    variable id 0
}

# Create a new stack
proc ::tutstack::create {} {
    variable stack
    variable id

    set token "stack[incr id]"
    set stack($token) [list]
    return $token
}

# Destroy a stack
proc ::tutstack::destroy {token} {
    variable stack

    unset stack($token)
}

# Push an element onto a stack
proc ::tutstack::push {token elem} {
    variable stack

    lappend stack($token) $elem
}

# Check if stack is empty
proc ::tutstack::empty {token} {
    variable stack

    set num [llength $stack($token)]
    return [expr {$num == 0}]
}

# See what is on top of the stack without removing it
proc ::tutstack::peek {token} {
    variable stack

    if {[empty $token]} {
    error "stack empty"
    }

    return [lindex $stack($token) end]
}

# Remove an element from the top of the stack
proc ::tutstack::pop {token} {
    variable stack

    set ret [peek $token]
    set stack($token) [lrange $stack($token) 0 end-1]
    return $ret
}
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ tclsh main.tcl 
5
4
3
2
1
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo$ 

生成配置文件：

thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo/api$ 
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo/api$ tclsh
% 
%                                             
% pkg_mkIndex . *.tcl
% 
% exit
thufir@dur:~/tcl/foo/api$ 

Answer 2

问题是 Tcl 没有找到你的包的索引文件（应该叫做pkgIndex.tcl）。如果您已将 weather 1.0 包实现为文件 weather.tcl，那么您可能希望在同一目录中拥有类似这样的索引文件：

package ifneeded weather 1.0 [list source [file join $dir weather.tcl]]

这就是说“要加载weather 包的1.0 版本，运行此脚本”，其中脚本在运行时生成并绑定$dir（这是一个始终在包索引加载器所在的上下文中定义的变量）运行package ifneeded)。

一旦找到了，您需要允许 Tcl 找到索引文件。这可以通过将该目录或其直接父目录放在 Tcl 全局 auto_path 列表中来完成；在加载任何包之前在脚本中执行此操作（对于具有内部包的应用程序非常有用），或者您也可以通过设置 TCLLIBPATH 环境变量从 Tcl 外部初始化它。请注意，该变量的值是目录的Tcl 列表，而不是像env(PATH) 这样的系统路径。如果目录名称中有反斜杠或空格，或者如果您想在列表中有多个元素，这很重要。幸运的是，在将单个目录添加为环境变量的情况下，即使在 Windows 上，您通常也可以避免所有这些问题，方法是使用 / 而不是 \，并遵循通常的安装实践并且不在名称中添加空格.在应用程序启动期间添加路径时更容易：您只需使用lappend，可能像这样（在您的主脚本中很早）：

lappend auto_path [file join [file dirname [info script]] my_app_pacakges]
# If the script is in foo/bar.tcl then packages are in or below foo/my_app_packages