是的,嵌入是学习的。您可以将tf.nn.embedding_lookup 操作视为更有效地执行以下矩阵乘法:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
NUM_CATEGORIES, EMBEDDING_SIZE = 5, 3
y = tf.placeholder(name='class_idx', shape=(1,), dtype=tf.int32)
RS = np.random.RandomState(42)
W_em_init = RS.randn(NUM_CATEGORIES, EMBEDDING_SIZE)
W_em = tf.get_variable(name='W_em',
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(W_em_init),
shape=(NUM_CATEGORIES, EMBEDDING_SIZE))
# Using tf.nn.embedding_lookup
y_em_1 = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(W_em, y)
# Using multiplication
y_one_hot = tf.one_hot(y, depth=NUM_CATEGORIES)
y_em_2 = tf.matmul(y_one_hot, W_em)
sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
sess.run([y_em_1, y_em_2], feed_dict={y: [1.0]})
# [array([[ 1.5230298 , -0.23415338, -0.23413695]], dtype=float32),
# array([[ 1.5230298 , -0.23415338, -0.23413695]], dtype=float32)]
无论您使用y_em_1 还是y_em_2 公式,变量W_em 都将以完全相同的方式进行训练;不过,y_em_1 可能更高效。