如何使用 keras 预测时间范围的未来值？答案

【问题标题】：How to Predict the future values of time horizon with keras?如何使用 keras 预测时间范围的未来值？
【发布时间】：2018-04-24 23:26:20
【问题描述】：

我使用每日需求数据在 keras 上使用 LSTM 神经网络构建了这个模型

    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd 
    from sklearn import preprocessing
    from keras.layers.core import Dense, Dropout, Activation
    from keras.activations import linear
    from keras.layers.recurrent import LSTM
    from keras.models import Sequential
    from matplotlib import pyplot

    #read and prepare data from datafile
    data_file_name = "DailyDemand.csv"
    data_csv = pd.read_csv(data_file_name, delimiter = ';',header=None, usecols=[1,2,3,4,5])
    yt = data_csv[1:]
    data = yt
    data.columns = ['MoyenneTransactHier', 'MaxTransaction', 'MinTransaction','CountTransaction','Demand']
    # print (data.head(10))
    pd.options.display.float_format = '{:,.0f}'.format
    data = data.dropna ()
    y=data['Demand'].astype(int)
    cols=['MoyenneTransactHier', 'MaxTransaction', 'MinTransaction','CountTransaction']
    x=data[cols].astype(int)

    #scaling data
    scaler_x = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler(feature_range =(-1, 1))
    x = np.array(x).reshape ((len(x),4 ))
    x = scaler_x.fit_transform(x)
    scaler_y = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler(feature_range =(-1, 1))
    y = np.array(y).reshape ((len(y), 1))
    y = scaler_y.fit_transform(y)
    print("longeur de y",len(y))
    # Split train and test data
    train_end = 400
    x_train=x[0: train_end ,]
    x_test=x[train_end +1: ,]
    y_train=y[0: train_end]
    y_test=y[train_end +1:] 
    x_train=x_train.reshape(x_train.shape +(1,))
    x_test=x_test.reshape(x_test.shape + (1,))

    print("Data well prepared")
    print ('x_train shape ', x_train.shape)
    print ('y_train', y_train.shape)

    #Design the model - LSTM Network
    seed = 2016
    np.random.seed(seed)
    fit1 = Sequential ()
    fit1.add(LSTM(
        output_dim = 4,
        activation='tanh',
        input_shape =(4, 1)))
    fit1.add(Dense(output_dim =1))
    fit1.add(Activation(linear))
    #rmsprop or sgd
    batchsize = 1
    fit1.compile(loss="mean_squared_error",optimizer="rmsprop")
    #train the model
    fit1.fit(x_train , y_train , batch_size = batchsize, nb_epoch =20, shuffle=True)

    print(fit1.summary ())

    #Model error
    score_train = fit1.evaluate(x_train ,y_train ,batch_size =batchsize)
    score_test = fit1.evaluate(x_test , y_test ,batch_size =batchsize)
    print("in  train  MSE = ",round(score_train,4))
    print("in test  MSE = ",round(score_test ,4))

    #Make prediction
    pred1=fit1.predict(x_test)
    pred1 = scaler_y.inverse_transform(np.array(pred1).reshape ((len(pred1), 1)))
    real_test = scaler_y.inverse_transform(np.array(y_test).reshape ((len(y_test), 1))).astype(int)

    #save prediction
    testData = pd.DataFrame(real_test)
    preddData = pd.DataFrame(pred1)
    dataF = pd.concat([testData,preddData], axis=1)
    dataF.columns =['Real demand','Predicted Demand']
    dataF.to_csv('Demandprediction.csv')

    pyplot.plot(pred1, label='Forecast')
    pyplot.plot(real_test,label='Actual')
    pyplot.legend()
    pyplot.show()

它会生成这个结果：

在我拥有的历史数据上建立和训练了一个好的模型之后，我不知道我如何才能产生对未来值的预测？比如未来10天的需求（数据是每天）？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python keras lstm forecasting

【解决方案1】：

例如，为了预测 10 天的数据，最后一层需要 10 个输出

fit1.add(Dense(10))

您需要使用来自历史数据的首选输入和输出来相应地训练模型。例如，如果您想要一个模型，该模型接收 10 天的数据并预测未来 10 天的数据，那么您将必须通过历史数据中的 10 个输入-输出对来训练模型

【讨论】：