Python pip 在安装期间不构建依赖项

Question

Pip 似乎没有在我的 Ubuntu 服务器上从源代码构建依赖关系，而它总是在我的 OS X 机器上这样做。例如，当我尝试在 conda 或 virtualenv（我都尝试过）环境中安装包 qiime 时，安装大量需要花费大量时间在我的 Mac 上编译的东西需要几秒钟。

(qiime)user@server:~$ pip install qiime
Collecting qiime
Collecting qiime-default-reference<0.2.0,>=0.1.2 (from qiime)
Collecting burrito<1.0.0,>=0.9.1 (from qiime)
Collecting pandas>=0.13.1 (from qiime)
Collecting natsort<4.0.0 (from qiime)
  Using cached natsort-3.5.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0 (from qiime)
Collecting numpy>=1.9.0 (from qiime)
Collecting gdata (from qiime)
Collecting scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3 (from qiime)
Collecting pynast==1.2.2 (from qiime)
Collecting biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4 (from qiime)
Collecting burrito-fillings<0.2.0,>=0.1.1 (from qiime)
Collecting qcli<0.2.0,>=0.1.1 (from qiime)
Collecting scipy>=0.14.0 (from qiime)
Collecting cogent==1.5.3 (from qiime)
Collecting emperor<1.0.0,>=0.9.51 (from qiime)
Collecting six (from qiime-default-reference<0.2.0,>=0.1.2->qiime)
  Using cached six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting future (from burrito<1.0.0,>=0.9.1->qiime)
Collecting pytz>=2011k (from pandas>=0.13.1->qiime)
  Using cached pytz-2015.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting python-dateutil (from pandas>=0.13.1->qiime)
  Using cached python_dateutil-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting cycler (from matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0->qiime)
  Using cached cycler-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,>=1.5.6 (from matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0->qiime)
  Using cached pyparsing-2.0.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting IPython (from scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
  Using cached ipython-4.0.0-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting click (from biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4->qiime)
  Using cached click-5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pyqi (from biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4->qiime)
Collecting decorator (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
  Using cached decorator-4.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting simplegeneric>0.8 (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
Collecting pexpect (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
Collecting traitlets (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
  Using cached traitlets-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pickleshare (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
Collecting ptyprocess>=0.5 (from pexpect->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
  Using cached ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting path.py (from pickleshare->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime)
  Using cached path.py-8.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six, qiime-default-reference, future, burrito, pytz, python-dateutil, numpy, pandas, natsort, cycler, pyparsing, matplotlib, gdata, scipy, decorator, simplegeneric, ptyprocess, pexpect, ipython-genutils, traitlets, path.py, pickleshare, IPython, scikit-bio, cogent, pynast, click, pyqi, biom-format, burrito-fillings, qcli, emperor, qiime
Successfully installed IPython-4.0.0 biom-format-2.1.5 burrito-0.9.1 burrito-fillings-0.1.1 click-5.1 cogent-1.5.3 cycler-0.9.0 decorator-4.0.4 emperor-0.9.51 future-0.15.2 gdata-2.0.18 ipython-genutils-0.1.0 matplotlib-1.5.0 natsort-3.5.6 numpy-1.10.1 pandas-0.17.0 path.py-8.1.2 pexpect-4.0.1 pickleshare-0.5 ptyprocess-0.5 pynast-1.2.2 pyparsing-2.0.6 pyqi-0.3.2 python-dateutil-2.4.2 pytz-2015.7 qcli-0.1.1 qiime-1.9.1 qiime-default-reference-0.1.3 scikit-bio-0.2.3 scipy-0.16.1 simplegeneric-0.8.1 six-1.10.0 traitlets-4.0.0

当我尝试使用该包时，我得到了各种错误，证明 pip 没有真正编译任何依赖项。我该怎么办？比如我们尝试导入pandas

In [1]: import pandas
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-d6ac987968b6> in <module>()
----> 1 import pandas

/home/user/.conda/envs/qiime/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/__init__.py in <module>()
     11                       "pandas from the source directory, you may need to run "
     12                       "'python setup.py build_ext --inplace' to build the C "
---> 13                       "extensions first.".format(module))
     14 
     15 from datetime import datetime

ImportError: C extension: /home/user/.conda/envs/qiime/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/hashtable.so: undefined symbol: PyFPE_jbuf not built. If you want to import pandas from the source directory, you may need to run 'python setup.py build_ext --inplace' to build the C extensions first.

我知道我可以手动构建所有内容，但我真的很想修复 pip。

Answer 1

在安装过程中将--no-cache-dir 传递给 pip 似乎可以解决问题，但我不明白缓存与编译有什么关系。