一个简单的 SMTP 服务器（在 Python 中）

Question

您能否建议一个简单的 SMTP 服务器，它具有非常基本的 API（我的意思是非常基本的，用于读取、写入、删除电子邮件），可以在 linux 机器上运行？ 我只需要把邮件的症结转成XML格式，然后FTP到另一台机器上。

Answer 1

看看这个SMTP sink server：

from __future__ import print_function
from datetime import datetime
import asyncore
from smtpd import SMTPServer

class EmlServer(SMTPServer):
    no = 0
    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
        filename = '%s-%d.eml' % (datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'),
                self.no)
        f = open(filename, 'w')
        f.write(data)
        f.close
        print('%s saved.' % filename)
        self.no += 1


def run():
    # start the smtp server on localhost:1025
    foo = EmlServer(('localhost', 1025), None)
    try:
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

它使用smtpd.SMTPServer 将电子邮件转储到文件中。

Answer 2

发送电子邮件确实需要两件事：

• 一个 SMTP 服务器 - 这可以是 Python SMTP Server 或者您可以使用 GMail 或您的 ISP 的服务器。您可能不需要自己运行。
• 一个 SMTP 库 - 将电子邮件请求发送到 SMTP 服务器的东西。 Python 附带了一个名为 smtplib 的库，它可以为您做到这一点。这里有大量关于如何使用它的信息：http://docs.python.org/library/smtplib.html

对于阅读，有两种选择，具体取决于您从哪个服务器阅读电子邮件。

• 对于 POP 电子邮件服务器 - 您可以使用 poplib python 库：http://docs.python.org/library/poplib.html
• 对于 IMAP 电子邮件服务器 - 您可以使用 imaplib python 库：http://docs.python.org/library/imaplib.html

Answer 3

为了让 Hasen 的脚本在 Python 3 中运行，我不得不稍微调整一下：

from datetime import datetime
import asyncore
from smtpd import SMTPServer

class EmlServer(SMTPServer):
    no = 0
    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data, **kwargs):
        filename = '%s-%d.eml' % (datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'),
            self.no)
        print(filename)
        f = open(filename, 'wb')
        f.write(data)
        f.close
        print('%s saved.' % filename)
        self.no += 1

def run():
    EmlServer(('localhost', 25), None)
    try:
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

Answer 4

一种更现代的方法是使用 aiosmtpd 库（提供文档 here）。

你可以在这里找到一个很好的例子：https://aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/aiosmtpd/docs/controller.html。

Answer 5

我成功使用的两个 python smtp 服务器是：

1. Twisted 的 Mail - 一个非常灵活的邮件库，适用于 SMTP、IMAP...
2. python-slimta - 一个完整的 MTA（smtp 中继/转发服务器）

Twisted 的例子如下所示

# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

# You can run this module directly with:
#    twistd -ny emailserver.tac

"""
A toy email server.
"""
from __future__ import print_function

from zope.interface import implementer

from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.mail import smtp
from twisted.mail.imap4 import LOGINCredentials, PLAINCredentials

from twisted.cred.checkers import InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse
from twisted.cred.portal import IRealm
from twisted.cred.portal import Portal



@implementer(smtp.IMessageDelivery)
class ConsoleMessageDelivery:
    def receivedHeader(self, helo, origin, recipients):
        return "Received: ConsoleMessageDelivery"


    def validateFrom(self, helo, origin):
        # All addresses are accepted
        return origin


    def validateTo(self, user):
        # Only messages directed to the "console" user are accepted.
        if user.dest.local == "console":
            return lambda: ConsoleMessage()
        raise smtp.SMTPBadRcpt(user)



@implementer(smtp.IMessage)
class ConsoleMessage:
    def __init__(self):
        self.lines = []


    def lineReceived(self, line):
        self.lines.append(line)


    def eomReceived(self):
        print("New message received:")
        print("\n".join(self.lines))
        self.lines = None
        return defer.succeed(None)


    def connectionLost(self):
        # There was an error, throw away the stored lines
        self.lines = None



class ConsoleSMTPFactory(smtp.SMTPFactory):
    protocol = smtp.ESMTP

    def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
        smtp.SMTPFactory.__init__(self, *a, **kw)
        self.delivery = ConsoleMessageDelivery()


    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        p = smtp.SMTPFactory.buildProtocol(self, addr)
        p.delivery = self.delivery
        p.challengers = {"LOGIN": LOGINCredentials, "PLAIN": PLAINCredentials}
        return p



@implementer(IRealm)
class SimpleRealm:
    def requestAvatar(self, avatarId, mind, *interfaces):
        if smtp.IMessageDelivery in interfaces:
            return smtp.IMessageDelivery, ConsoleMessageDelivery(), lambda: None
        raise NotImplementedError()



def main():
    from twisted.application import internet
    from twisted.application import service    

    portal = Portal(SimpleRealm())
    checker = InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse()
    checker.addUser("guest", "password")
    portal.registerChecker(checker)

    a = service.Application("Console SMTP Server")
    internet.TCPServer(2500, ConsoleSMTPFactory(portal)).setServiceParent(a)

    return a

application = main()

Answer 6

这些都是很好的开始示例。

smtpd – SMTP 服务器示例

http://pymotw.com/2/smtpd/index.html

smtplib - 简单邮件传输协议客户端

http://pymotw.com/2/smtplib/index.html

Answer 7

我还想用 Python 启动一个 smtp 服务器并用 Python 发送电子邮件。我想在单个进程中在 Flask Web 应用程序中运行所有这些，这意味着 smtp 服务器必须是非阻塞的。这是我最终找到的解决方案 [gist]：

app.py

from flask import Flask, render_template
from smtp_client import send_email
from smtp_server import SMTPServer

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/send_email')
def email():
  server = SMTPServer()
  server.start()
  try:
    send_email()
  finally:
    server.stop()
  return 'OK'

@app.route('/')
def index():
  return 'Woohoo'

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')

smtp_server.py

# smtp_server.py
import smtpd
import asyncore
import threading

class CustomSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer):
  def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
    print('Receiving message from:', peer)
    print('Message addressed from:', mailfrom)
    print('Message addressed to:', rcpttos)
    print('Message length:', len(data))
    return

class SMTPServer():
  def __init__(self):
    self.port = 1025

  def start(self):
    '''Start listening on self.port'''
    # create an instance of the SMTP server, derived from  asyncore.dispatcher
    self.smtp = CustomSMTPServer(('0.0.0.0', self.port), None)
    # start the asyncore loop, listening for SMTP connection, within a thread
    # timeout parameter is important, otherwise code will block 30 seconds
    # after the smtp channel has been closed
    kwargs = {'timeout':1, 'use_poll': True}
    self.thread = threading.Thread(target=asyncore.loop, kwargs=kwargs)
    self.thread.start()

  def stop(self):
    '''Stop listening to self.port'''
    # close the SMTPserver to ensure no channels connect to asyncore
    self.smtp.close()
    # now it is safe to wait for asyncore.loop() to exit
    self.thread.join()

  # check for emails in a non-blocking way
  def get(self):
    '''Return all emails received so far'''
    return self.smtp.emails

if __name__ == '__main__':
  server = CustomSMTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 1025), None)
  asyncore.loop()

smtp_client.py

import smtplib
import email.utils
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def send_email():
  sender='author@example.com'
  recipient='6142546977@tmomail.net'

  msg = MIMEText('This is the body of the message.')
  msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Recipient', recipient))
  msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Author', 'author@example.com'))
  msg['Subject'] = 'Simple test message'

  client = smtplib.SMTP('127.0.0.1', 1025)
  client.set_debuglevel(True) # show communication with the server
  try:
    client.sendmail('author@example.com', [recipient], msg.as_string())
  finally:
    client.quit()

然后使用python app.py 启动服务器，并在另一个请求中使用curl localhost:5000/send_email 模拟对/send_email 的请求。请注意，要实际发送电子邮件（或短信），您需要跳过此处详述的其他环节：https://blog.codinghorror.com/so-youd-like-to-send-some-email-through-code/。

Answer 8

有Python SMTP server。

这个模块提供了几个类来实现 SMTP 服务器。一个是一个 通用的无操作实现，可以被覆盖，而 另外两个提供特定的邮件发送策略。

Answer 9

如果你想用上面的hasen's答案快速测试Django的send_mail：

# Skip lines 3 and 4 if not using virtualenv.
# At command prompt

mkdir django1
cd django1
virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install django==1.11
django-admin startproject django1 .

# run the Django shell

python manage.py shell

# paste into shell following:

from django.core.mail import send_mail

send_mail(
    'Subject here',
    'Here is the message.',
    'from@example.com',
    ['to@example.com'],
    fail_silently=False,
)
# This should write an email like the following:

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Subject here
From: from@example.com
To: to@example.com
Date: Wed, 02 May 2018 02:12:09 -0000
Message-ID: <20180502021209.32641.51865@i1022>

Here is the message.

send_mail 函数中不需要有有效值。以上值适用于 hasen 的示例。