打开多个浏览器时 Selenium 无效会话异常

Question

我目前正在尝试编写一个脚本，从网站上获取一些价格，然后我想将它集成到一个 csv 文件中。现在用一个项目运行它时，它工作正常。但是，当我尝试再次打开浏览器时，出现以下错误：

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Program Files\JetBrains2\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.3\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\_pydev_bundle\pydev_umd.py", line 197, in runfile
    pydev_imports.execfile(filename, global_vars, local_vars)  # execute the script
  File "C:\Program Files\JetBrains2\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.3\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\_pydev_imps\_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
  File "C:/Users/timjo/Desktop/BOTSCRIPT/Test.py", line 13, in <module>
    driver.get('https://buff.163.com/market/goods?goods_id=40086&from=market#tab=selling')
  File "C:\Users\timjo\Desktop\BOTSCRIPT\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 333, in get
    self.execute(Command.GET, {'url': url})
  File "C:\Users\timjo\Desktop\BOTSCRIPT\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\timjo\Desktop\BOTSCRIPT\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSessionIdException: Message: Tried to run command without establishing a connection

我搜索了一下，发现它需要与 geckodriver 兼容，但问题是，如果我只打开一次浏览器，它就可以正常工作，这对我来说似乎毫无意义。我的脚本如下所示：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
import csv
import time
options = Options()
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://buff.163.com/market/goods?goods_id=39968&from=market#tab=selling')
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[6]/div/div[5]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[5]/div[1]/strong')
Price_C9_Col14 = element.text
driver.close()
time.sleep(10)

driver.get('https://buff.163.com/market/goods?goods_id=40086&from=market#tab=selling')
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[6]/div/div[5]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[5]/div[1]/strong')
Price_Epsilon_Col14 = element.text
driver.close()


driver.get('https://buff.163.com/market/goods?goods_id=40151&from=market#tab=selling')
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[6]/div/div[5]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[5]/div[1]/strong')
Price_F3_MLG16 = element.text
driver.close()


driver.get('https://buff.163.com/market/goods?goods_id=40106&from=market#tab=selling')
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[6]/div/div[5]/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[5]/div[1]/strong')
Price_Faze_MLG16 = element.text
driver.close()
print(Price_C9_Col14, Price_F3_MLG16, Price_Epsilon_Col14, Price_Faze_MLG16)

最终目标是在无头模式下运行它，但现在我尝试在正常模式下运行它，以找出问题可能是什么。我还检查了以前的答案，但它们很旧，因此兼容版本与我们今天拥有的版本不匹配。我使用 Python 3.9.0，关于 firefox 和 Selenium 版本的 idk，因为我不知道在哪里检查。任何提示/建议表示赞赏

Answer 1

好吧，我想通了，driver.get 函数只更改 url 并没有打开另一个窗口，因此我不需要 driver.close 函数，它工作正常。我还添加了一个 time.sleep() 以便让浏览器首先访问该站点，因为它之前总是获取相同的价格