导入错误：无法从 urllib3.exceptions 导入名称“HTTPError”

Question

我有一个 .py 文件，用于使用 selenium 和 phantomjs 从 gasbuddy 抓取 gas 价格。它曾经工作过，但突然停止了。所以我卸载并重新安装了 selenium 和 phantomJS。我使用自制软件卸载并重新安装了 Python 3。我什至删除了我的 MacBook 并在其上重新安装了 Sierra，然后重新安装了其他所有东西对我来说没有意义的是，我遇到了我什至没有导入的模块的导入错误。

import os
from selenium import webdriver
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_log_path=os.path.devnull)

driver.get('https://www.gasbuddy.com/station/155967')
price = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="container"]/div/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/h1')
print(price.text)

我得到的错误是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts/gas.py", line 2, in <module>
    from selenium import webdriver
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from .firefox.webdriver import WebDriver as Firefox  # noqa
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 29, in <module>
    from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 27, in <module>
    from .remote_connection import RemoteConnection
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/remote_connection.py", line 24, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 11, in <module>
    from .exceptions import (
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/exceptions.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .packages.six.moves.http_client import (
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/packages/six.py", line 203, in load_module
    mod = mod._resolve()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/packages/six.py", line 115, in _resolve
    return _import_module(self.mod)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/packages/six.py", line 82, in _import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/http/client.py", line 71, in <module>
    import email.parser
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/parser.py", line 12, in <module>
    from email.feedparser import FeedParser, BytesFeedParser
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/feedparser.py", line 27, in <module>
    from email._policybase import compat32
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/_policybase.py", line 9, in <module>
    from email.utils import _has_surrogates
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/utils.py", line 33, in <module>
    from email._parseaddr import quote
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/_parseaddr.py", line 16, in <module>
    import time, calendar
  File "/Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts/calendar.py", line 2, in <module>
    from pyicloud import PyiCloudService
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyicloud/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from pyicloud.base import PyiCloudService
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyicloud/base.py", line 7, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 46, in <module>
    from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/exceptions.py", line 9, in <module>
    from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
ImportError: cannot import name 'HTTPError' from 'urllib3.exceptions' (/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/exceptions.py)

我什至更新了所有内容。安装和重新安装 urllib 并没有什么不同。我也尝试过使用其他网络抓取方法（lxml 等）但无济于事。有答案吗？

Answer 1

tl;dr
您有一个循环导入 urllib3.exceptions。 /Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts/calendar.py 隐藏了 Python 标准库的 calendar 模块。重命名该模块。

您的 Python 环境看起来有点乱。导入webdriver 看起来很正常，直到urllib3.exceptions 的基础导入解析http.client 不是本地Python 3.7 解释器的站点包，而是似乎是Python 3.7.2 的自制安装的站点包在/usr/local/Cellar下。

  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/packages/six.py", line 82, in _import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/http/client.py", line 71, in <module>
    import email.parser

从那里开始，您在该自制模块中拥有正常的导入链，直到 email._parseaddr 尝试导入 calendar。
此导入应转到 Python 标准库中的 calendar.py 模块，但由于您的 /Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts 文件夹中有一个 calendar.py，显然已添加到 sys.path（可能是通过 PYTHONPATH）解释器解析为你的 calendar.py。

  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/email/_parseaddr.py", line 16, in <module>
    import time, calendar
  File "/Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts/calendar.py", line 2, in <module>
    from pyicloud import PyiCloudService

你的 calendar.py 从pyicloud 包中导入一些类，这会导致尝试导入requests，这会导致尝试导入urllib3.exceptions。
此时这将成为循环导入。导入 urllib3.exceptions 会导致导入尝试导入 urllib3.exceptions 的模块。
这个问题应该通过将 /Users/igisan/Desktop/scripts/calendar.py 重命名为不影响标准库中的模块 calendar 的名称来解决。

Answer 2

将主模块重命名为email.py 后，我遇到了同样的问题。它开始与库 requests 和 selenium 发生冲突。从 email.py 重命名为更原始的名称后，错误消失了。