使用 matplotlib 在 python 中为线图制作动画答案

【问题标题】：Animating a line plot in python with mathplotlib使用 matplotlib 在 python 中为线图制作动画
【发布时间】：2021-04-12 12:43:10
【问题描述】：

所以我正在尝试制作一条逐渐穿过情节点的线，但我似乎无法找到这样做的方法。我试过使用 FuncAnimation 没有成功，Stackoverflow 上的类似问题也没有帮助我。有什么建议么？这是我的代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
import math
import csv
import sys
import numpy

towns=[['Orleans', '1.750115', '47.980822'],
 ['Bordeaux', '-0.644905', '44.896839'],
 ['Bayonne', '-1.380989', '43.470961'],
 ['Toulouse', '1.376579', '43.662010'],
 ['Marseille', '5.337151', '43.327276'],
 ['Nice', '7.265252', '43.745404'],
 ['Nantes', '-1.650154', '47.385427'],
 ['Rennes', '-1.430427', '48.197310'],
 ['Paris', '2.414787', '48.953260'],
 ['Lille', '3.090447', '50.612962'],
 ['Dijon', '5.013054', '47.370547'],
 ['Valence', '4.793327', '44.990153'],
 ['Aurillac', '2.447746', '44.966838'],
 ['Clermont-Ferrand', '3.002556', '45.846117'],
 ['Reims', '4.134148', '49.323421'],
 ['Strasbourg', '7.506950', '48.580332'],
 ['Limoges', '1.233757', '45.865246'],
 ['Troyes', '4.047255', '48.370925'],
 ['Le Havre', '0.103163', '49.532415'],
 ['Cherbourg', '-1.495348', '49.667704'],
 ['Brest', '-4.494615', '48.447500'],
 ['Niort', '-0.457140', '46.373545']]

order=[0,
 8,
 17,
 14,
 9,
 18,
 19,
 7,
 6,
 21,
 1,
 2,
 3,
 12,
 13,
 16,
 11,
 4,
 5,
 10,
 15,
 20,
 0]

fig=plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('#ffffff')
fig.patch.set_alpha(0.7)
ax = plt.axes()
ax.set_facecolor('grey')
plt.axis('off')   



for i in range(len(order)):
    plt.plot(float(towns[order[i]][1]), float(towns[order[i]][2]), 'o', color='black')
    try:
        line = plt.Line2D((float(towns[order[i]][1]), float(towns[order[i+1]][1])), (float(towns[order[i]][2]), float(towns[order[i+1]][2])), lw=2)
        plt.gca().add_line(line)
    except IndexError:
        pass

towns[order[i]][1] 是 x 值 towns[order[i]][2] 是 y 值

我怎样才能让它看起来像这样：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

x_data = []
y_data = []

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(0, 105)
ax.set_ylim(0, 12)
line, = ax.plot(0, 0)

def animation_frame(i):
    x_data.append(i * 10)
    y_data.append(i)

    line.set_xdata(x_data)
    line.set_ydata(y_data)
    return line, 

animation = FuncAnimation(fig, func=animation_frame, frames=np.arange(0, 10, 0.1), interval=10)
plt.show()

谢谢

【问题讨论】：

标签： python numpy matplotlib plot matplotlib-animation

【解决方案1】：

有几种方法可以做到这一点，但一种选择是使用列表推导扩展数据并将其传递给函数以以受控方式显示它。准备好所有数据（t、x、y、l）后，使用animate 函数将所有城市放在图表中ax.plot(x, y,...) 和城市名称ax.annotate。然后，向 Matplotlib 函数 FuncAnimation 传递一个函数（下面代码中的 update）在每次帧更新时调用以刷新正在显示的线段。

def animate(t, x, y, l):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()

    # fit the labels inside the plot
    ax.set_xlim(min(x)-1, max(x)+3)
    ax.set_ylim(min(y)-1, max(y)+1)

    # place all cities on the graph
    cities, = ax.plot(x, y, marker = "o", color = "black", ls = "", markersize = 5)
    line_1, = ax.plot([], [], marker = "", color = "blue", ls ="-", lw = 2)

    LABEL_OFFSET = 1.003 # text label offset from marker
    for i in t:
        ax.annotate(f'{l[i]}', xy=(x[i]*LABEL_OFFSET,y[i]*LABEL_OFFSET))

    def update(i):
        line_1.set_data(x[:i], y[:i])
        return line_1

    anim = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=len(t)+1, interval=300, repeat=True)
    return anim

t = range(len(order))
x = [float(towns[order[i]][1]) for i in t]
y = [float(towns[order[i]][2]) for i in t]
l = [towns[order[i]][0] for i in t]

cities_travel = animate(t, x, y, l)
cities_travel.save("cities_travel.gif", writer = PillowWriter(fps = 2))

【讨论】：