如何从python中的字符串中获取日期值？

Question

我正在从 URL 中获取值。

import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('url')    
response.read()

它给了我太长的字符串类型输出，但我只把我有问题的地方放在这里。

字符串类型输出：

'<p>Dear Customer,</p>
<p>This notice serves as proof of delivery for the shipment listed below.</p>
<dl class="outHozFixed clearfix"><label>Weight:</label></dt><dd>18.00 lbs</dd>
<dt><label>Shipped&#047;Billed On:</label></dt><dd>09/11/2015</dd>
<dt><label>Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>09/14/2015 11:07 A.M.</dd>
<dt><label for="">Signed By:</label></dt><dd>Odedra</dd></dt>
<dt><label>Left At:</label></dt>
<dd>Office</dd></dl><p>Thank you for giving us this opportunity to serve you.</p>'

问题：

我如何获取分配给 Delivered On 的日期（09/14/2015 11:07 A.M.）？

Answer 1

您可以从使用 Beautiful Soup 或其他一些 html 解析器之类的东西开始。它可能看起来像这样：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('url')    
html = response.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
datestr = soup.find("label", text="Delivered On:").find_parent("dt").find_next_sibling("dd").string

如果您需要，一旦您持有日期字符串，您可以使用strptime 将其转换为日期时间对象。

import datetime
date = datetime.datetime.strptime(datestr, "%mm/%dd/%Y %I:%M %p")

请记住 - 您通常不应该使用正则表达式解析 HTML 或 XML...

Answer 2

试试这个代码：

import re

text = '''<p>Dear Customer,</p>
          <p>This notice serves as proof of delivery for the shipment listed below.</p>
          <dl class="outHozFixed clearfix"><label>Weight:</label></dt>
          <dd>18.00 lbs</dd>
          <dt><label>Shipped&#047;Billed On:</label></dt>
          <dd>09/11/2015</dd>
          <dt><label>Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>09/14/2015 11:07 A.M.</dd>
          <dt><label for="">Signed By:</label></dt><dd>Odedra</dd></dt>
          <dt><label>Left At:</label></dt>
          <dd>Office</dd></dl><p>Thank you for giving us this opportunity to serve you.</p>'''

re.findall(r'<dt><label>Delivered On:<\/label><\/dt><dd>([0-9\.\/\s:APM]+)', text)

输出：

['09/14/2015 11:07 A.M.']

Answer 3

仅基于该输出，我将使用re 和re.search。创建一个正则表达式来查找带时间的日期，如下所示：

import re

output = '''<p>Dear Customer,</p>
            <p>This notice serves as proof of delivery for the shipment listed below.</p>
            <dl class="outHozFixed clearfix"><label>Weight:</label></dt><dd>18.00 lbs</dd>
            <dt><label>Shipped&#047;Billed On:</label></dt><dd>09/11/2015</dd>
            <dt><label>Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>09/14/2015 11:07 A.M.</dd>
            <dt><label for="">Signed By:</label></dt><dd>Odedra</dd></dt>
            <dt><label>Left At:</label></dt>
            <dd>Office</dd></dl><p>Thank you for giving us this opportunity to serve you.</p>'''

pattern = '\d{2}/\d{2}/\d{4} \d{1,2}:\d{2} [A|P]\.M\.'

result = re.search(pattern, text, re.MULTILINE).group(0)

Answer 4

如果你不喜欢正则表达式和第三方库，你总是可以使用老式硬编码的单行解决方案：

import datetime

text_date = [item.strip() for item in input_text.split('\n') if "Delivered On:" in item][0][41:-5]
datetime.datetime.strptime(text_date.replace(".",""), "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p")

单行情况：

start_index = input_text.index("Delivered On:")+len("Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>")
stop_index = start_index + 21
text_date = input_text[start_index:stop_index]

因为您的问题的任何解决方案都将是不同类型的硬编码:(

Answer 5

试试这个代码：

import re
a = """<p>Dear Customer,</p><p>This notice serves as proof of delivery for the shipment listed below.</p><dl class="outHozFixed clearfix"><label>Weight:</label></dt><dd>18.00 lbs</dd><dt><label>Shipped&#047;Billed On:</label></dt><dd>09/11/2015</dd><dt><label>Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>12/4/2015 11:07 A.M.</dd><dt><label for="">Signed By:</label></dt><dd>Odedra</dd></dt><dt><label>Left At:</label></dt><dd>Office</dd></dl><p>Thank you for giving us this opportunity to serve you.</p>"""
data = re.search('Delivered On:</label></dt><dd>(.*)$',a)
if data and data.group(1)[:1].isdigit(): 
    data.group(1)[:20]