执行使用 Pyinstaller 构建的 Python 应用程序给出“无法执行脚本主程序”答案

【问题标题】：Executing Python application built with Pyinstaller gives "Failed to execute script main"执行使用 Pyinstaller 构建的 Python 应用程序给出“无法执行脚本主程序”
【发布时间】：2019-11-13 10:15:41
【问题描述】：

我有一个使用tkinter 作为GUI 的python 程序。我的 python 项目是一个 PyCharm 项目。它被组织为

Project\main.py
Project\my_class.py
Project\images\favicon.ico
Project\common\util\util1.py
Project\common\util\util2.py
Project\venv

我移动到C:\..\Desktop\Project 文件夹并运行pyinstaller --windowed main.py 的终端
如果有人想知道终端的输出是什么，那就是

62 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.5
62 INFO: Python: 3.7.5
62 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.17763-SP0
62 INFO: wrote C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\main.spec
62 INFO: UPX is not available.
62 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\User\\Desktop\\Project',
 'C:\\Users\\User\\Desktop\\Project']
62 INFO: checking Analysis
78 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
78 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
78 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
78 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
2124 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
2124 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by c:\users\user\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe
3900 INFO: Caching module hooks...
3900 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\main.py
4306 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils
5040 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   site
5040 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'c:\\users\\user\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python37\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
5925 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   setuptools.extern.six.moves
7668 INFO: Loading module hooks...
7668 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
7671 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
7743 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"...
7747 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...
7845 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"...
7846 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...
8092 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'
8150 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'
8327 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
8328 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...
8742 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...
8742 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
8742 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
8742 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...
9133 INFO: checking Tree
9133 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent
9148 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc
9211 INFO: checking Tree
9211 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent
9211 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc
9258 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
9273 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
9273 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
9289 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
9289 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth__tkinter.py'
9289 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
18180 INFO: Looking for eggs
18180 INFO: Using Python library c:\users\user\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python37.dll
18180 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
18180 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\build\main\warn-main.txt
18445 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\build\main\xref-main.html
18492 INFO: checking PYZ
18492 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
18492 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\build\main\PYZ-00.pyz
19259 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\build\main\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
19274 INFO: checking PKG
19274 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
19274 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
19290 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
19290 INFO: Bootloader c:\users\user\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\runw.exe
19290 INFO: checking EXE
19290 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
19290 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
19290 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\build\main\main.exe
19306 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
19306 INFO: checking COLLECT
19306 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent
19306 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc
22581 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.

这里是错误

我该如何解决这个问题？你有什么想法吗？

【问题讨论】：

运行不带--windowed 参数的pyinstaller。然后从控制台运行生成的 main.exe。控制台应该显示额外的错误回溯，这将帮助您识别根本问题。
@Xukrao 这里是错误ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib'
经常发生 pyinstaller 无法自动检测脚本使用的一些包的情况。在这种情况下，您必须通过手动指定这些“隐藏”包来帮助 pyinstaller。见Listing Hidden Imports。
@Xukrao 我试过了，但我不知道我是否做对了，但现在在终端上，它会打印一个 Traceback ... 和 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'。这就是“列出隐藏的导入”的意思？
遇到ModuleNotFoundError 时，为该模块添加一个pyinstaller --hidden-import MODULENAME 参数。继续这样做，直到不再出现错误为止。

标签： python python-3.x tkinter pyinstaller

【解决方案1】：

尝试设置 PATH 并包含所有必要的路径

setlocal
set PATH=C:\Python37;%PATH%

pyinstaller -y -D --name Your_program_name--paths "C:\Windows\System32\downlevel" --windowed -i C:\ICONS\AI-2.ico --clean --distpath="." -p "c:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\whatever_is_needed" main.py

我也总是将 main.py 重命名为 main.pyw 如果您仍然收到错误，或者什么也没有，请尝试从 cmd 运行 *.exe 并查看是否显示任何错误。

【讨论】：

with set PATH=C:\Python37 你的意思是我必须添加我的Python37 文件夹或者你写的内容？因为我在C:中没有那个文件夹@
也在-p 中我必须添加我需要的所有包，这些包在C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\venv\Lib\site-packages 或我的c:\users\user\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages 中
1) 你的 python 路径
2) 我不是 shure，但是你可以添加多个路径，用‘:’分隔，或者多次使用这个选项

【解决方案2】：

已解决

安装pywin32修复Project文件夹下的ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'venv\Lib\site-packages
在Project的venv\Lib\site-packages文件夹中安装tornado
打开终端并移动到项目文件夹
运行setlocal
运行set PATH=C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\;%PATH%
运行pyinstaller -y -D --paths "C:\Windows\System32\downlevel" --paths "C:\Users\User\Desktop\Project\venv\Lib\site-packages" main.py
将images 文件夹从Project 复制到dist 由pyinstaller 创建的文件夹中，以在我的GUI 中获取favicon.ico

现在我可以从终端或双击运行它

【讨论】：