raise ImportError("无法导入设置，因为环境变量 %s 未定义答案

【问题标题】：raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefinedraise ImportError("无法导入设置，因为环境变量 %s 未定义
【发布时间】：2013-03-01 19:35:35
【问题描述】：

Stack 上有几个关于这个错误的问题，但没有答案对我有帮助，奇怪的是这个错误突然出现了，而之前一切正常。

我所做的是重新启动服务器，突然出现这种情况：

为什么在我什么都没做的时候突然出现这个错误，我该如何解决？

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/django-admin.py", line 5, in <module>
    management.execute_from_command_line()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 443, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 382, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 261, in fetch_command
    klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 69, in load_command_class
    module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name))
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.core.servers.basehttp import AdminMediaHandler, run, WSGIServerException, get_internal_wsgi_application
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 26, in <module>
    from django.views import static
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/views/static.py", line 95, in <module>
    template_translatable = ugettext_noop(u"Index of %(directory)s")
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 75, in gettext_noop
    return _trans.gettext_noop(message)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
    if settings.USE_I18N:
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/functional.py", line 184, in inner
    self._setup()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.5-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 40, in _setup
    raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

【问题讨论】：

检查这个：python manage.py shell 然后import sys 然后sys.path。项目目录是否在该路径上？退出。输入常规 python shell python。然后import sys，sys.path。项目目录在那个路径上吗？
您使用的是什么操作系统？也许您将DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置为环境变量，在重新启动时清除。无论如何，您需要设置此变量。它通常在manage.py 中为您处理，但有些人不得不求助于手动设置。
@Cole：谢谢。项目目录只出现在python manage.py shell中，不出现在python shell中。

标签： django manage.py

【解决方案1】：

每当我打开一个新的 shell 时，我都会运行这个脚本：

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/Users/cole/Projects/Sites/my_project.com/my_project
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=my_project.settings

更新：我稍微草率地编辑了脚本。所需要的只是：

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/Path/To/Project/Root/Directory
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=my_project.settings

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

转到您的项目文件夹，其中 manage.py 可用并运行：

python manage.py shell

运行通过错误的django语句。（这里应该可以）

【讨论】：