使用 Python 3 发送 WM_COPYDATA

Question

我正在尝试编写一个与我的stickies 副本交互的python 脚本。我在 Python 如何与 WM_COPYDATA 结构交互方面遇到了麻烦，不幸的是，我无法在网上找到很多示例。

使用代码：

import struct
import win32con
import win32gui

import struct, array
int_buffer = array.array("L", [0])
char_buffer = array.array('b', 'do new sticky')
int_buffer_address = int_buffer.buffer_info()[0]
char_buffer_address, char_buffer_size = char_buffer.buffer_info

copy_struct = struct.pack("pLp",
int_buffer_address,
char_buffer_size, char_buffer_address)

hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow("ZhornSoftwareStickiesMain", None)

win32gui.SendMessage(w, WM_COPYDATA, hwnd, copy_struct)

我收到以下错误：

C:\Users\%userprofile%\Desktop>python sender.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "sender.py", line 7, in <module>
    char_buffer = array.array('b', 'do new sticky')
TypeError: an integer is required

我似乎无法弄清楚为什么会出现这样的错误。有什么想法吗？

编辑：一些部分工作的代码

import struct
import win32con
import win32gui
import struct, array


int_buffer = array.array("L", [0])
char_buffer = array.array('b', b"do manage open")
int_buffer_address = int_buffer.buffer_info()[0]

# Add () to buffer_info to call it.
char_buffer_address, char_buffer_size = char_buffer.buffer_info()

# Need P  type for the addresses.
copy_struct = struct.pack("PLP",int_buffer_address,char_buffer_size, char_buffer_address)

hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, "ZhornSoftwareStickiesMain")
win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, None, copy_struct)

Answer 1

在 Python 3 中，字符串是 Unicode。尝试使用字节串：

>>> import array
>>> array.array('b',b'do new sticky')
array('b', [100, 111, 32, 110, 101, 119, 32, 115, 116, 105, 99, 107, 121])

还有其他一些变化：

import struct, array
int_buffer = array.array("L", [0])
char_buffer = array.array('b', b'do new sticky')
int_buffer_address = int_buffer.buffer_info()[0]

# Add () to buffer_info to call it.
char_buffer_address, char_buffer_size = char_buffer.buffer_info()

# Need P  type for the addresses.
copy_struct = struct.pack("PLP",int_buffer_address,char_buffer_size, char_buffer_address)

我没有安装软件，但我认为下一行应该是：

hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, "ZhornSoftwareStickiesMain")
win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, None, copy_struct)

编辑

我安装了软件。最初我无法使用任何命令，但 API 文档中没有明确的技巧是每个字符串必须以 api 开头：

import struct
import win32con
import win32gui
import array

char_buffer = array.array('B', b'api do new sticky hello, world')
char_buffer_address, char_buffer_size = char_buffer.buffer_info()
copy_struct = struct.pack("PLP", 12345, char_buffer_size, char_buffer_address)
hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, "ZhornSoftwareStickiesMain")
win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, None, copy_struct)

Answer 2

使用 ctypes 更容易做到这一点。此代码已使用简单的 Delphi 应用程序进行测试，该应用程序接收并显示通过 WM_COPYDATA 发送的字符串。

import win32con
import ctypes
import ctypes.wintypes

FindWindow = ctypes.windll.user32.FindWindowW
SendMessage = ctypes.windll.user32.SendMessageW

class COPYDATASTRUCT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('dwData', ctypes.wintypes.LPARAM),
        ('cbData', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
        ('lpData', ctypes.c_wchar_p) 
        #formally lpData is c_void_p, but we do it this way for convenience
    ]

hwnd = FindWindow('TheNameOfMyWindowClass', None)
cds = COPYDATASTRUCT()
cds.dwData = 0
str = 'boo'
cds.cbData = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(str))
cds.lpData = ctypes.c_wchar_p(str)

SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, 0, ctypes.byref(cds))

这假定接收者需要一个 UTF-16 编码的有效负载。如果收件人期待 ANSI 编码的有效负载，那么您需要使用此变体。

import win32con
import ctypes
import ctypes.wintypes

FindWindow = ctypes.windll.user32.FindWindowW
SendMessage = ctypes.windll.user32.SendMessageW

class COPYDATASTRUCT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('dwData', ctypes.wintypes.LPARAM),
        ('cbData', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
        ('lpData', ctypes.c_char_p)
        #formally lpData is c_void_p, but we do it this way for convenience
]

hwnd = FindWindow('TheNameOfMyWindowClass', None)
cds = COPYDATASTRUCT()
cds.dwData = 0
str = b'boo'
cds.cbData = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.create_string_buffer(str))
cds.lpData = ctypes.c_char_p(str)

SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, 0, ctypes.byref(cds))

---

现在，查看您发布的 Stickies 链接，您需要使用 ANSI 变体。如果你想接收通知，你需要在 SendMessage 调用中传递一个窗口句柄，而不是上面的 0。

Answer 3

下一个变体支持 unicode 输入字符串不使用使用 ctypes lib：

import array, struct, win32con, win32gui

def copy_data(hwnd, message, dwData = 0):
    buffer = array.array('u', message + '\x00')
    buffer_address, buffer_length = buffer.buffer_info()

    copy_struct = struct.pack('PLP', dwData, buffer_length * buffer.itemsize, buffer_address)

    return win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, win32con.WM_COPYDATA, None, copy_struct)

hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'ZhornSoftwareStickiesMain')
copy_data(hwnd, 'Hello ?')