Pygame AI 无人机 [关闭]

Question

您好，我正在开发一款冰相相扑游戏，目前正在开发单人模式。我的计划是让玩家抵御可能每 5 秒产生一次的机器人，它们的唯一目的是击中玩家，就像朝着玩家的当前 (x,y) 前进一样简单。分数取决于玩家在死亡之前击倒了多少机器人。问题是我真的不知道如何编码，因为我的碰撞检测是基于多人模式，我比较了玩家 1 和玩家 2 的 x 和 y。谁能帮助我？谢谢。这就是我目前一切正常的东西，我正在开发“单人游戏”功能，我需要在其中包含 AI 和其他东西。

import pygame, sys, time
from pygame.locals import *
import random
import math


#Colors
colorRed=pygame.Color(241,59,62)
colorPurple=pygame.Color(200,254,249)
colorBlue=pygame.Color(52, 207, 235)
colorGreen=pygame.Color(100,182,100)
colorWhite=pygame.Color(255,250,250)
colorBlack=pygame.Color(0,0,0)
colorOrange=pygame.Color(242,164,0)
colorBrown=pygame.Color(148,103,58)
colorBlue2=pygame.Color(37, 45, 204)

#Dimensions
w=800
h=600
pygame.init()
fpsClock=pygame.time.Clock()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((w,h))
pygame.display.set_caption ('Ice Fighters')
centerX=w//2
centerY=h//2
point=3
pointx=240
gameEnd_p=1
gameEnd_px=340
option=False
x1_wins=0
x2_wins=0

# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TEXT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bigFont = pygame.font.Font('shark_party.ttf',64)
smallFont = pygame.font.Font("shark_party.ttf",32)
tinyFont = pygame.font.Font('shark_party.ttf', 16)
titleText = bigFont.render("Ice Fighters", True, colorBlue)
multiplayerText=smallFont.render("Multiplayer", True, colorBlue2,)
singleplayerText=smallFont.render("Singleplayer", True, colorBlue2)
intructionsText=smallFont.render("How to Play", True, colorBlue2)
leaderboardText=smallFont.render("Leaderboard", True, colorBlue2)
game_endText=bigFont.render("GAME OVER", True, colorRed)
replayText=smallFont.render ("Play Again", True, colorBlue)
returnText=smallFont.render ("Main Menu", True, colorBlue)
menu_upText=tinyFont.render ("= Menu Up", True, colorBlack)
menu_downText=tinyFont.render ('= Menu Down',True, colorBlack)
menu_returnText=tinyFont.render ('= ENTER', True, colorBlack)

def game_end():
    while True:
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type==KEYDOWN:
                if event.key==K_s:
                    global gameEnd_p
                    global gameEnd_px
                    if gameEnd_p==1:
                        gameEnd_px+=75
                        gameEnd_p-=1
                    elif gameEnd_p==0:
                        gameEnd_px-=75
                        gameEnd_p+=1 
                if event.key==K_w:
                    if gameEnd_p==1:
                        gameEnd_px+=75
                        gameEnd_p-=1
                    elif gameEnd_p==0:
                        gameEnd_px-=75
                        gameEnd_p+=1
                if event.key==K_RETURN:
                    if gameEnd_p==0:
                        title()
                    if gameEnd_p==1:
                        game()
        screen.blit(game_endText,(230,50))
        screen.blit(replayText,(300,325))
        screen.blit(returnText,(300,400))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorRed,(280,gameEnd_px),10)
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)


def title():
    while True:
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type==KEYDOWN:
                if event.key==K_s:
                    global point
                    global pointx
                    if point==3:
                        pointx+=75
                        point-=1
                    elif point==2:
                        pointx+=75
                        point-=1
                    elif point==1:
                        pointx+=75
                        point-=1
                    elif point==0:
                        pointx-=225
                        point+=3
                if event.key==K_w:
                    if point==3:
                        pointx+=225
                        point-=3
                    elif point==2:
                        pointx-=75
                        point+=1
                    elif point==1:
                        pointx-=75
                        point+=1
                    elif point==0:
                        pointx-=75
                        point+=1
                if event.key==K_RETURN:
                    if point==2:
                        option=True
                        game()
                    elif point==1:
                        option=True
                        instruct()


        #Background
        title_bg=pygame.image.load("icebiome3.png")
        screen.blit(title_bg,(0,0))
        screen.blit(titleText, (200,50))
        screen.blit(singleplayerText, (300,225))
        screen.blit(multiplayerText, (300,300))
        screen.blit(intructionsText, (300,375))
        screen.blit(leaderboardText, (300,450))
        screen.blit(menu_upText, (700,450))
        screen.blit(menu_downText, (700,475))
        screen.blit(menu_returnText, (700,500))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorRed,(280,pointx),10)
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorWhite,(685,460),10)
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorRed,(685,485),10)
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorBlue2,(685,510),10)
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)

def instruct():
    while True:
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type==KEYDOWN:
                if event.key==K_RETURN:
                    title()
        instruct_bg=pygame.image.load('instruct.png')
        instruct_sprite=pygame.image.load('instructsprite.png')

        screen.blit(instruct_bg,(0,0))
        screen.blit(returnText, (325,550))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,colorRed,(310,568),10)
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)

def singleplayer():

    stageR=250
    def stage (centerX,centerY):
        """stage (centerX,centerY) - creates a stage with given centerpoint"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlue, (centerX,centerY),stageR)

    #Character 1
    xR=int((stageR//10))
    x1=centerX
    y1=centerY
    x1_dir=0
    y1_dir=0
    solo_wins=0
    def char1 (x1,y1):
        """char1 (x1,y1) - creates char1 at given coordinates"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorRed, (x1,y1),xR)

    while True:
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

     # ~~~~~~~~~~ COLLISION DETECTION ~~~~~~~~~~~

        v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1-x2, y1-y2)
        distance = v12.length()
        hit_dist = 2*xR
        if distance <= hit_dist:
            # vector beteween center points
            nv = v12.normalize()
            # movement direction and combined relative movement
            d1 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1_dir, y1_dir)
            d2 = pygame.math.Vector2(x2_dir, y2_dir)
            dd = d1 - d2
            if dd.length() > 0:
                # normalized movement and normal distances
                ddn = dd.normalize()
                dir_dist  = ddn.dot(v12)
                norm_dist = pygame.math.Vector2(-ddn[0], ddn[1]).dot(v12)
                # minimum distance along the line of relative movement
                min_dist = math.sqrt(hit_dist*hit_dist - norm_dist*norm_dist)
                if dir_dist < min_dist:
                    # update postions of the players so that the distance is 2*xR
                    d1l, d2l = d1.length(), d2.length()
                    d1n = d1/d1l if d1l > 0 else d1
                    d2n = d2/d2l if d2l > 0 else d2
                    x1 -= d1n.x * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                    y1 -= d1n.y * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                    x2 -= d2n.x * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                    y2 -= d2n.y * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                    # recalculate vector beteween center points
                    v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1-x2, y1-y2)
                    nv = v12.normalize()

                # reflect movement vectors
                rd1 = d1.reflect(nv)
                rd2 = d2.reflect(nv)
                len1, len2 = rd1.length(), rd2.length()
                if len1 > 0:
                    rd1 = rd1 * len2 / len1
                    x1_dir, y1_dir = rd1.x, rd1.y
                else:
                    x1_dir, y1_dir = -x2_dir, -y2_dir
                if len2 > 0:
                    rd2 = rd2 * len1 / len2
                    x2_dir, y2_dir = rd2.x, rd2.y
                else:
                    x2_dir, y2_dir = -x1_dir, -y1_dir

         #MOVEMENT
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    # -------------------- CHAR1 MOVEMENT  WASD  --------------------
        if keys[K_d] or keys[K_a]:
            x1_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_d] else -0.1
        else:
            x1_dir *= 0.98

        if keys[K_w] or keys[K_s]:
            y1_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_s] else -0.1
        else:
            y1_dir *= 0.98

        stage (centerX,centerY)
        char1 (round(x1),round(y1))
        x1+=x1_dir
        y1+=y1_dir
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)

def game():

    #Stage
    stageR=250
    def stage (centerX,centerY):
        """stage (centerX,centerY) - creates a stage with given centerpoint"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlue, (centerX,centerY),stageR)

    #Character 1
    xR=int((stageR//10))
    x1=int(centerX-(stageR*0.8))
    y1=centerY
    x1_dir=0
    y1_dir=0
    global x1_wins
    x1_wins=0
    def char1 (x1,y1):
        """char1 (x1,y1) - creates char1 at given coordinates"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorRed, (x1,y1),xR)

    #Character 2
    x2=int(centerX+(stageR*0.8))
    y2=centerY
    x2_dir=0
    y2_dir=0
    global x2_wins
    x2_wins=0
    def char2 (x2,y2):
        """char2 (x2,y2) - creates char1 at given coordinates"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorGreen, (x2,y2),xR)


    def score ():
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (50,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (50,30), (int(xR-10)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (100,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (100,30), (int(xR-10)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (150,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (150,30), (int(xR-10)))

        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (750,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (750,30), (int(xR-10)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (700,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (700,30), (int(xR-10)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (650,30), (int(xR-5)))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (650,30), (int(xR-10)))

    def x1score ():
        if x1_wins>0:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (50,30), (int(xR-5)))
        if x1_wins>1:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (100,30), (int(xR-5)))
        if x1_wins>2:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (150,30), (int(xR-5)))

    def x2score ():
        if x2_wins>0:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (750,30), (int(xR-5)))
        if x2_wins>1:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (700,30), (int(xR-5)))
        if x2_wins>2:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (650,30), (int(xR-5)))

    while True:
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

    # ~~~~~~~~~~ COLLISION DETECTION ~~~~~~~~~~~

        v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1-x2, y1-y2)
        distance = v12.length()
        hit_dist = 2*xR
        if distance <= hit_dist:
            # vector beteween center points
            nv = v12.normalize()
            # movement direction and combined relative movement
            d1 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1_dir, y1_dir)
            d2 = pygame.math.Vector2(x2_dir, y2_dir)
            dd = d1 - d2
            if dd.length() > 0:
                # normalized movement and normal distances
                ddn = dd.normalize()
                dir_dist  = ddn.dot(v12)
                norm_dist = pygame.math.Vector2(-ddn[0], ddn[1]).dot(v12)
                # minimum distance along the line of relative movement
                min_dist = math.sqrt(hit_dist*hit_dist - norm_dist*norm_dist)
                if dir_dist < min_dist:
                    # update postions of the players so that the distance is 2*xR
                    d1l, d2l = d1.length(), d2.length()
                    d1n = d1/d1l if d1l > 0 else d1
                    d2n = d2/d2l if d2l > 0 else d2
                    x1 -= d1n.x * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                    y1 -= d1n.y * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                    x2 -= d2n.x * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                    y2 -= d2n.y * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                    # recalculate vector beteween center points
                    v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(x1-x2, y1-y2)
                    nv = v12.normalize()

                # reflect movement vectors
                rd1 = d1.reflect(nv)
                rd2 = d2.reflect(nv)
                len1, len2 = rd1.length(), rd2.length()
                if len1 > 0:
                    rd1 = rd1 * len2 / len1
                    x1_dir, y1_dir = rd1.x, rd1.y
                else:
                    x1_dir, y1_dir = -x2_dir, -y2_dir
                if len2 > 0:
                    rd2 = rd2 * len1 / len2
                    x2_dir, y2_dir = rd2.x, rd2.y
                else:
                    x2_dir, y2_dir = -x1_dir, -y1_dir

    # ~~~~~~~~~~~ Borders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

        x1_cdist=((centerX-x1)**2+(centerY-y1)**2)**0.5
        if x1_cdist>(stageR+30):
            time.sleep(3)
            x2=int(centerX+(stageR*0.8))
            y2=centerY
            x1=int(centerX-(stageR*0.8))
            y1=centerY
            x2_wins+=1
            x1_dir=0
            y1_dir=0
            print (x2_wins)
            if x2_wins>=3:
                game_end()


        x2_cdist=((centerX-x2)**2+(centerY-y2)**2)**0.5
        if x2_cdist>(stageR+30):
            time.sleep(3)
            x2=int(centerX+(stageR*0.8))
            y2=centerY
            x1=int(centerX-(stageR*0.8))
            y1=centerY
            x1_wins+=1
            x2_dir=0
            y2_dir=0
            print (x1_wins)
            if x1_wins>=3:
                game_end()



    #MOVEMENT
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    # -------------------- CHAR1 MOVEMENT  WASD  --------------------
        if keys[K_d] or keys[K_a]:
            x1_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_d] else -0.1
        else:
            x1_dir *= 0.98

        if keys[K_w] or keys[K_s]:
            y1_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_s] else -0.1
        else:
            y1_dir *= 0.98

    # -------------------- CHAR2 MOVEMENT  up/down/left/right --------------------
        if keys[K_RIGHT] or keys[K_LEFT]:
            x2_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_RIGHT] else -0.1
        else:
            x2_dir *= 0.98

        if keys[K_UP] or keys[K_DOWN]:
            y2_dir += 0.1 if keys[K_DOWN] else -0.1
        else:
            y2_dir *= 0.98

        score()
        stage (centerX,centerY)
        char1 (round(x1),round(y1))
        char2 (round(x2),round(y2))   
        x1score()
        x2score() 
        x1+=x1_dir
        y1+=y1_dir
        x2+=x2_dir
        y2+=y2_dir
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)

while True:
    singleplayer()

Answer 1

我在类和函数中添加了一些代码，现在它可以显示保持玩家和机器人在列表中，并使用for-loop 来使用它们。

变化太多，无法解释。

Player 和 Bot 始终具有相同的代码 - handle_events() 不同。 Player 检查按下的键，Bot 生成被视为按下的键的随机值。

import pygame, sys, time
from pygame.locals import *
import random
import math

# --- constants ---

#Colors
colorRed = pygame.Color(241,59,62)
colorPurple = pygame.Color(200,254,249)
colorBlue = pygame.Color(52, 207, 235)
colorGreen = pygame.Color(100,182,100)
colorWhite = pygame.Color(255,250,250)
colorBlack = pygame.Color(0,0,0)
colorOrange = pygame.Color(242,164,0)
colorBrown = pygame.Color(148,103,58)
colorBlue2 = pygame.Color(37, 45, 204)

#Dimensions
w = 800
h = 600

# --- classes ---

class Player():

    def __init__(self, x, y, R, color, k_left, k_right, k_up, k_down):

        self.x_start = x
        self.y_start = y
        self.R = R 
        self.color = color
        self.x_wins = 0

        self.k_left = k_left
        self.k_right = k_right
        self.k_up = k_up
        self.k_down = k_down

        self.reset()

    def reset(self):
        '''set values on restart'''       
        self.x = self.x_start
        self.y = self.y_start
        self.x_dir = 0
        self.y_dir = 0

    def draw(self, screen):
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), self.R)

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.x_dir
        self.y += self.y_dir

    def handle_events(self):
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

        if keys[self.k_right] or keys[self.k_left]:
            self.x_dir += 0.1 if keys[self.k_right] else -0.1
        else:
            self.x_dir *= 0.98

        if keys[self.k_up] or keys[self.k_down]:
            self.y_dir += 0.1 if keys[self.k_down] else -0.1
        else:
            self.y_dir *= 0.98

class Bot():

    def __init__(self, x, y, R, color):

        self.x_start = x
        self.y_start = y
        self.R = R 
        self.color = color
        self.x_wins = 0

        self.reset()

    def reset(self):        
        self.x = self.x_start
        self.y = self.y_start
        self.x_dir = 0
        self.y_dir = 0

    def draw(self, screen):
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), self.R)

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.x_dir
        self.y += self.y_dir

    def handle_events(self):
        dx = random.randint(-1, 1)
        if dx == 0:
            self.x_dir *= 0.98
        else:
            self.x_dir += 0.1 if dx > 0 else -0.1

        dy = random.randint(-1, 1)
        if dy == 0:
            self.y_dir *= 0.98
        else:
            self.y_dir += 0.1 if dy > 0 else -0.1

class Score():

    def __init__(self, x, y, step):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.step = step
        self.circles = 3
        self.wins = 0

    def draw(self, screen):
        r1 = int(xR-5)
        r2 = int(xR-10)

        x = self.x
        y = self.y
        for i in range(self.circles):
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (x, y), r1)
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlack, (x, y), r2)
            x += self.step

        x = self.x
        y = self.y
        for i in range(self.wins):
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorOrange, (x, y), r1)
            x += self.step

# --- functions ---

def detect_collision(p1, p2):
    v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(p1.x-p2.x, p1.y-p2.y)
    distance = v12.length()
    hit_dist = 2*xR
    if distance <= hit_dist:
        # vector beteween center points
        nv = v12.normalize()
        # movement direction and combined relative movement
        d1 = pygame.math.Vector2(p1.x_dir, p1.y_dir)
        d2 = pygame.math.Vector2(p2.x_dir, p2.y_dir)
        dd = d1 - d2
        if dd.length() > 0:
            # normalized movement and normal distances
            ddn = dd.normalize()
            dir_dist  = ddn.dot(v12)
            norm_dist = pygame.math.Vector2(-ddn[0], ddn[1]).dot(v12)
            # minimum distance along the line of relative movement
            min_dist = math.sqrt(hit_dist*hit_dist - norm_dist*norm_dist)
            if dir_dist < min_dist:
                # update postions of the players so that the distance is 2*xR
                d1l, d2l = d1.length(), d2.length()
                d1n = d1/d1l if d1l > 0 else d1
                d2n = d2/d2l if d2l > 0 else d2
                p1.x -= d1n.x * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                p1.y -= d1n.y * d1l / (d1l+d2l)
                p2.x -= d2n.x * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                p2.y -= d2n.y * d2l / (d1l+d2l)
                # recalculate vector beteween center points
                v12 = pygame.math.Vector2(p1.x-p2.x, p1.y-p2.y)
                nv = v12.normalize()

            # reflect movement vectors
            rd1 = d1.reflect(nv)
            rd2 = d2.reflect(nv)
            len1, len2 = rd1.length(), rd2.length()
            if len1 > 0:
                rd1 = rd1 * len2 / len1
                p1.x_dir, p1.y_dir = rd1.x, rd1.y
            else:
                p1.x_dir, p1.y_dir = -p2.x_dir, -p2.y_dir
            if len2 > 0:
                rd2 = rd2 * len1 / len2
                p2.x_dir, p2.y_dir = rd2.x, rd2.y
            else:
                p2.x_dir, p2.y_dir = -p1.x_dir, -p1.y_dir

def detect_border(player):
    distance = ((centerX-player.x)**2 + (centerY-player.y)**2)**0.5
    return distance > (stageR+30)

def game():
    players = []
    scores = []

    p1 = Player(int(centerX-(stageR*0.8)), centerY, int(stageR//10), colorRed, K_a, K_d, K_w, K_s)
    players.append(p1)
    #p2 = Player(int(centerX+(stageR*0.8)), centerY, int(stageR//10), colorGreen, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT, K_UP, K_DOWN) 
    #players.append(p2)

    b = Bot(int(centerX+(stageR*0.8)), centerY, int(stageR//10), colorGreen) 
    players.append(b)
    b = Bot(centerX, int(centerY+(stageR*0.8)), int(stageR//10), colorOrange) 
    players.append(b)
    b = Bot(centerX, int(centerY-(stageR*0.8)), int(stageR//10), colorWhite) 
    players.append(b)
    b = Bot(centerX, centerY, int(stageR//10), colorBrown) 
    players.append(b)

    s1 = Score(50, 30, 50)
    s2 = Score(750, 30, -50)
    scores.append(s1)
    scores.append(s2)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            #Game Exit
            if event.type== QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

        # ~~~ COLLISION DETECTION ~~~

        for p1 in players:
            for p2 in players:
                if p1 != p2:
                    detect_collision(p1, p2)

        # ~~~ Borders ~~~

        for i, p in enumerate(players):
            if detect_border(p):
                time.sleep(3)

                for x in players:
                    x.reset()

                if i == 0:
                    scores[1].wins += 1
                else:
                    scores[0].wins += 1

                print(scores[0].wins, scores[1].wins)

        for s in scores:                    
            if s.wins >= 3:
                #game_end()
                return

        # ~~~ MOVEMENT ~~~

        for p in players:
            p.handle_events()

        for p in players:
            p.move()

        # --- draws --- (without events and moves)
        screen.fill(colorBlack)
        # stage
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, colorBlue, (centerX,centerY), stageR)
        # players
        for p in players:
            p.draw(screen)
        # scores
        for s in scores:
            s.draw(screen)
        # update
        pygame.display.update()
        fpsClock.tick(60)

# --- main ---

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((w,h))
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
centerX = screen_rect.centerx
centerY = screen_rect.centery
pygame.display.set_caption('Ice Fighters')
fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()

stageR = 250
xR = int((stageR//10))

game()