如何在 Laravel 5 中创建表迁移

Question

我正在从事一个项目，我被分配了一项任务来为应用程序创建用户管理。但我一直坚持表关系及其迁移。

努力

我有这些表：

1. 用户
   • user_id
   • 用户名
   • 密码
2. 个人资料
   • profile_id
   • user_id
   • 名字
   • 姓氏
   • 电子邮件

3. 地址

   • address_id
   • profile_id
   • 地址
   • 城市
   • 状态
   • 国家
   • 密码
4. 配置
   • config_id
   • 配置名称
   • 配置类型
   • parent_id

现在我必须为上述相同的结构创建模型和迁移。为此，我创建/修改了以下模型和迁移类。

模型：用户

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'username', 'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes excluded from the model's JSON form.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];

    public function profile()
    {
        return $this->hasOne('Profile','user_id');
    }
}

迁移：2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('user_id');
            $table->string('username');
            $table->string('password', 60);
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('users');
    }
}

型号：简介

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Profile extends Model
{
    public function user(){
        return $this->belongsTo('User');
    }
    public function address()
    {
        return $this->hasOne('Address','address_id');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_101749_create_profiles_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateProfilesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('profile_id');
            $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('user_id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('lastname')->nullable();
            $table->string('firstname')->nullable();
            $table->string('gender')->nullable();
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('phonenumber', 20)->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('profiles');
    }
}

型号：地址

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Address extends Model
{
    public function profile(){
        return $this->belongsTo('Profile');
    }

    public function city() {
        return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }

    public function state() {
      return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }

    public function country() {
        return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_102805_create_addresses_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateAddressesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('addresses', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('address_id');
            $table->integer('profile_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('profile_id')->references('profile_id')->on('profiles')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('address')->nullable();
            $table->integer('city')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('city')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('pincode')->nullable();
            $table->integer('state')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('state')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->integer('country')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('country')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('addresses');
    }
}

型号：配置

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Configuration extends Model
{
    public function children() {
        return $this->hasMany('Configuration','parent_id');
    }
    public function parent() {
        return $this->belongsTo('Configuration','parent_id');
    }
   public function address(){
        return $this->belongsTo('Address');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_104519_create_configurations_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateConfigurationsTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('configurations', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('config_id');
            $table->string('configuration_name');
            $table->string('configuration_type');
            $table->string('parent_id');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('configurations');
    }
}

现在，当我运行 php artisan migrate 时，我收到以下错误：

.

请建议我如何做到这一点。我必须使用相同的表结构并且不能修改它。如果有任何进一步的更新需要或我忘记了什么，请告诉我。

Answer 1

发生这种情况是因为迁移将在配置之前尝试迁移地址表，因此它不会找到您引用的外键 config_id，因此您可以更改迁移文件的名称，然后 migration 逗号可以传递 @首先是 987654323@ migrate 文件，然后是 addresses_table migrate 文件，所以只需更改：

2016_02_26_104519_create_configurations_table.php

收件人：

2016_02_26_102005_create_configurations_table.php
_____________^

之后你应该运行优化命令来重新生成优化的类加载器：

php artisan o

然后重新运行php artisan migrate 命令现在问题应该解决了。

希望这会有所帮助。