场景
XYZ 公司销售产品。公司通过检查完成整个订单需要多长时间来衡量他们的绩效。每个订单都有多个状态（例如：Open、Pending、Close）
他们计算每个状态的天数，以了解订单处于特定状态的天数。天数以两种不同的方式计算，工作日和日历日
请参考下表：
问题
如何将这个表格变成如下图所示的数据透视表？还如何添加到附加列，即每个工作日和工作日状态的总和。
期望的结果：
【问题讨论】：
标签： sql sql-server pivot pivot-table
你可以这样做：
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
) AS t
PIVOT
(
MAX(DayCount)
For StatusType IN(OpenWorking,
OpenCalendar,
CloseWorking,
CloseCalendar,
PendingWorking,
PendingCalendar,
TotalWorking,
TotalCalendar)
) AS p;
这会给你：
如果你不想手动写下所有的状态，那么你可以动态地做：
将@cols 声明为 NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
QUOTENAME(StatusType)
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
) AS t
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
, 1, 1, '');
SELECT @query = 'SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = ''Working'' THEN ''TotalWorking'' ELSE ''TotalCalendar'' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
) AS t
PIVOT
(
MAX(DayCount)
For StatusType IN(' + @cols + ')' +
') p';
execute(@query);
更新：
对于列名，您可以创建一个新变量@colnames 并用您想要的名称填充它。对于总计，您可以添加 WHERE 子句以仅获取活动和待定状态的总计。所以你的查询会是这样的：
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @colnames AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
QUOTENAME(StatusType)
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
WHERE OrderStatus IN('Active', 'Pending')
) AS t
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
, 1, 1, '');
SELECT @colnames = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
QUOTENAME(StatusType) + ' AS ' + QUOTENAME(StatusTypeName)
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount,
OrderStatus + CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'WorkDays' ELSE 'CalDays' END AS StatusTypeName
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END,
DayCount,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END
FROM CalendarTable
WHERE OrderStatus IN('Active', 'Pending')
) AS t
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
, 1, 1, '');
SELECT @query = 'SELECT OrderID , ' + @colnames + '
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = ''Working'' THEN ''TotalWorking'' ELSE ''TotalCalendar'' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
WHERE OrderStatus IN(''Active'', ''Pending'')
) AS t
PIVOT
(
SUM(DayCount)
For StatusType IN(' + @cols + ')' +
') p';
execute(@query);
这会给你：
如果您想在手动透视查询中添加 where 子句，您可以这样做：
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderStatus + CountType AS StatusType,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
WHERE ...
UNION ALL
SELECT
OrderID,
CASE WHEN CountType = 'Working' THEN 'TotalWorking' ELSE 'TotalCalendar' END,
DayCount
FROM CalendarTable
WHERE ...
) AS t
PIVOT
(
MAX(DayCount)
For StatusType IN(OpenWorking,
OpenCalendar,
CloseWorking,
CloseCalendar,
PendingWorking,
PendingCalendar,
TotalWorking,
TotalCalendar)
) AS p;
【讨论】：