T-SQL - 两个日期时间之间的每小时分钟数

Question

我必须关注数据：

 | tid | startdate        | enddate                |
 | 1   | 2016-12-26 12:30 | 2016-12-26 15:30       |
 | 2   | 2016-12-26 13:15 | 2016-12-26 15:15       |

我想创建一个带有小时数的结果，然后是日期时间在该小时内的分钟数。

示例结果：

 | tid | hour | minutes_in |
 | 1   | 12   | 30         |
 | 1   | 13   | 60         |
 | 1   | 14   | 60         |
 | 1   | 15   | 30         |
 | 2   | 13   | 45         |
 | 2   | 14   | 60         |
 | 2   | 15   | 15         |

有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

首先，您需要一个数字表来获取从 0 到 23 的小时数，这可以很容易地使用表值构造函数即时创建：

SELECT N
FROM (VALUES 
        (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10),(11),(12),
        (13),(14),(15),(16),(17),(18),(19),(20),(21),(22),(23)
    ) n (N);

然后，您可以将其加入原始数据，以将行拆分为所需的数量。然后你只需要一个 case 表达式来应用正确的逻辑来计算分钟：

WITH Numbers (Number) AS
(   SELECT N
    FROM (VALUES 
            (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10),(11),(12),
            (13),(14),(15),(16),(17),(18),(19),(20),(21),(22),(23)
        ) n (N)
), SampleData (tid, StartDate, EndDate) AS
(   SELECT  tid, CONVERT(DATETIME2, StartDate), CONVERT(DATETIME2, EndDate)
    FROM (VALUES 
            (1, '2016-12-26 12:30', '2016-12-26 15:30'),
            (2, '2016-12-26 13:15', '2016-12-26 15:15')
        ) d (tid, StartDate, EndDate)
)
SELECT  d.tid,
        [Hour] = n.Number,
        Minutes_in = CASE  
                        -- SPECIAL CASE: START HOUR = END HOUR
                        WHEN DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate) = DATEPART(HOUR, d.EndDate) 
                            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, d.StartDate, d.EndDate)

                        -- FULL HOURS IN BETWEEN START AND END
                        WHEN n.Number > DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate) 
                            AND n.Number < DATEPART(HOUR, d.EndDate) THEN 60

                        -- START HOUR
                        WHEN n.Number = DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate) 
                            THEN 60 - DATEPART(MINUTE, d.StartDate)

                        -- END HOUR
                        WHEN n.Number = DATEPART(HOUR, d.EndDate) 
                            THEN DATEPART(MINUTE, d.EndDate)
                    END
FROM    SampleData d
        INNER JOIN Numbers n 
            ON n.Number >= DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate)
            AND n.Number <= DATEPART(HOUR, d.EndDate);

附录

如果你需要跨越几天，那么你可以稍微改变逻辑，生成一组更大的数字来覆盖更多的小时差，而不是加入一天中的小时，加入与小时差的数字开始日期时间到结束日期时间：

SELECT  *
FROM    SampleData d
        INNER JOIN Numbers n 
            ON n.Number <= DATEDIFF(HOUR, d.StartDate, d.EndDate)

这意味着范围跨越几天，然后没有问题，小时只是不断增加。例如

WITH Numbers (Number) AS
(   SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY N1.N) - 1
    FROM (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N1(N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N2 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N3 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N4 (N)
), SampleData (tid, StartDate, EndDate) AS
(   SELECT  tid, CONVERT(DATETIME2, StartDate), CONVERT(DATETIME2, EndDate)
    FROM (VALUES 
            (1, '2016-12-26 12:30', '2016-12-26 15:30'),
            (2, '2016-12-26 13:15', '2016-12-26 15:15'),
            (3, '2016-12-26 13:15', '2016-12-27 15:15')
        ) d (tid, StartDate, EndDate)
)
SELECT  d.tid,
        [Date] = CONVERT(DATE, d.StartDate),
        [Hour] = CONVERT(TIME(0), DATEADD(HOUR, DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate) + n.Number, 0)),
        Minutes_in = CASE  
                        -- SPECIAL CASE: START HOUR = END HOUR
                        WHEN DATEPART(HOUR, d.StartDate) = DATEPART(HOUR, d.EndDate)
                            AND DATEDIFF(DAY, d.StartDate, d.EndDate) = 0
                            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, d.StartDate, d.EndDate)

                        -- START HOUR
                        WHEN n.Number = 0
                            THEN 60 - DATEPART(MINUTE, d.StartDate)

                        -- END HOUR
                        WHEN n.Number = DATEDIFF(HOUR, d.StartDate, d.EndDate) 
                            THEN DATEPART(MINUTE, d.EndDate)

                        -- FULL HOURS IN BETWEEN START AND END
                        ELSE 60

                    END
FROM    SampleData d
        INNER JOIN Numbers n 
            ON n.Number <= DATEDIFF(HOUR, d.StartDate, d.EndDate)
ORDER BY d.tid, n.Number;

Answer 2

方法-I

您可以使用 UDF（另一种最简单的方式）实现此目的

让我们为您提供的数据构建架构

CREATE TABLE #TAB ( TID INT, STARTDATE DATETIME, ENDDATE DATETIME)

INSERT INTO #TAB
SELECT 1,'2016-12-26 12:30','2016-12-26 15:30'
UNION ALL
SELECT  2,'2016-12-26 13:15','2016-12-26 15:15' 

创建一个 UDF 以生成 from 和 To 之间的值

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_GENERATE] (@FROM_NBR INT, @TO_NBR INT)
RETURNS
 @RESULT TABLE(HR INT)
AS
BEGIN
;WITH CTE AS 
(
    SELECT   @FROM_NBR AS FROM_NBR,@TO_NBR AS TO_NBR
    UNION ALL
    SELECT  FROM_NBR+1 ,TO_NBR    FROM CTE WHERE FROM_NBR<TO_NBR


)
INSERT INTO @RESULT
SELECT FROM_NBR FROM CTE

   RETURN
END

现在通过调用函数来查询数据。

;WITH CTE AS (
SELECT  TID,STARTDATE,ENDDATE,DATEPART(HH,STARTDATE) FROM_HR , DATEPART(HH,ENDDATE) TO_HR FROM #TAB T
)
SELECT C1.TID,F.HR,  COALESCE(DATEPART(MINUTE,FRM_HR_MINUTS.STARTDATE),DATEPART(MINUTE,TO_HR_MINUTS.ENDDATE),60 ) 
FROM CTE C1
CROSS APPLY
(
    SELECT * FROM DBO.[FN_GENERATE] (C1.FROM_HR, C1.TO_HR)
)AS F
LEFT JOIN CTE FRM_HR_MINUTS ON C1.TID= FRM_HR_MINUTS.TID AND DATEPART(HH,FRM_HR_MINUTS.STARTDATE)= F.HR 
LEFT JOIN CTE TO_HR_MINUTS ON C1.TID= TO_HR_MINUTS.TID AND DATEPART(HH,TO_HR_MINUTS.ENDDATE)= F.HR 

编辑：

方法-二

不使用UDF & 使用MASTER.DBO.SPT_VALUES

;WITH CTE AS (

--PREPARING START HR, END HR, START_MIN, END_MIN  FROM #TAB
SELECT  TID,STARTDATE,ENDDATE
,DATEPART(HH,STARTDATE) FROM_HR 
, DATEPART(HH,ENDDATE) TO_HR
, DATEPART(MINUTE, STARTDATE) AS STARTMIN
, DATEPART(MINUTE, ENDDATE) ENDMIN 

FROM #TAB T
)

SELECT TID
, NUMBER AS HRS
--if Outer APply produce Null Display Minutes from CTE else 60 Mins
, CASE ISNULL(OA.FRM_MINS, C1.STARTMIN) + ISNULL(TO_MINS,C1.ENDMIN)  
        WHEN 0
            THEN 60
        ELSE ISNULL(OA.FRM_MINS,  C1.STARTMIN) + ISNULL(TO_MINS,C1.ENDMIN)
        END AS MINS
FROM CTE C1
OUTER APPLY  --JOINING NUMBERS BETWEEN FROM_HR & TO_HR using MASTER.DBO.SPT_VALUES 
(
    SELECT NUMBER
    --IF FROM_HR matched NULL Else 0
    , CASE C1.FROM_HR WHEN NUMBER THEN NULL ELSE 0 END AS FRM_MINS  

    --IF TO_HR matched NULL Else 0 
    ,CASE C1.TO_HR WHEN NUMBER THEN NULL ELSE 0 END AS TO_MINS       

    FROM MASTER.DBO.SPT_VALUES 
    WHERE [type]='P' AND number>0 AND number BETWEEN FROM_HR AND TO_HR

)AS OA