我想在 SQL Server 2012 中优化查询答案

【问题标题】：I want optimized query in SQL Server 2012我想在 SQL Server 2012 中优化查询
【发布时间】：2026-01-03 04:15:02
【问题描述】：

DECLARE @cid int=1
DECLARE @datee date='2016-01-25';

WITH dl AS (
    SELECT DISTINCT
            dl.imei,
            dl.vname,
            dl.driver,
            dl.mobileno
    FROM devices_list dl 
    WHERE dl.cid=@cid
),
gd AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer,
            MIN(b.odometer) minod 
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = @datee
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd1 AS (    
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer,
            MIN(b.odometer) minod2
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = DATEADD(day,-1,@datee)
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd2 AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = DATEADD(day,-7,@datee)
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd3 AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MIN(b.odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM')=FORMAT(@datee,'yyyy-MM') 
    GROUP BY b.imei
)

SELECT  dl.imei,
        dl.vname,
        dl.driver,
        dl.mobileno,
        gd.odometer,
        (gd.odometer-gd.minod) today,
        (gd1.odometer-gd1.minod2) yesterday,
        (gd.odometer-gd2.odometer) last7days,
        (gd.odometer-gd3.odometer) thismonth 
FROM dl 
LEFT JOIN gd ON dl.imei=gd.imei
LEFT JOIN gd1 ON dl.imei=gd1.imei
LEFT JOIN gd2 ON dl.imei=gd2.imei
LEFT JOIN gd3 ON dl.imei=gd3.imei;

上述查询运行良好，但执行时间过长。所以请建议我一个优化的查询。

【问题讨论】：

请显示执行计划。还要量化你的信息。什么太长了，有多少数据等等。杀死 FORMAT 东西 - 它们的意思是“不使用索引”，因为它们是不可分割的。
执行速度缓慢通常是由于缺少索引。您在需要的地方有索引吗？
@OlivierDeMeulder 即使他有索引，查询条件也不是 sargeable - 因此不会使用索引。
@TomTom 正在存储过程中执行此查询。我在 gpsdata 表中有大约 500 万条记录。
@OlivierDeMeulder 我有索引的 id 字段。

标签： sql-server sql-server-2012

【解决方案1】：

查看您的查询，您正在查询整个 gpsdata 表并使用 LEFT JOIN gd ON dl.imei=gd.imei 过滤 JOIN 上的结果。我认为您应该尝试减少从 gpsdata 上的查询处理的行数。

要利用这一点，您应该在 imei 字段上建立一个索引。

也许这对你有用：

DECLARE @cid int=1
DECLARE @datee date='2016-01-25';

   --Create a temp table to store the devices list
   SELECT DISTINCT
            dl.imei,
            dl.vname,
            dl.driver,
            dl.mobileno
    INTO #TMP
    FROM devices_list dl 
    WHERE dl.cid=@cid

WITH dl AS (
    --Load from the temp table
    SELECT DISTINCT
            dl.imei,
            dl.vname,
            dl.driver,
            dl.mobileno
    FROM #TMP
),
gd AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer,
            MIN(b.odometer) minod 
    FROM gpsdata b 
    --Join to the temp table to reduce the number of rows processed
    INNER JOIN #TMP ON b.imei = #TMP.imei
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = @datee
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
. . . 

SELECT  dl.imei,
        dl.vname,
        dl.driver,
        dl.mobileno,
        gd.odometer,
        (gd.odometer-gd.minod) today,
        (gd1.odometer-gd1.minod2) yesterday,
        (gd.odometer-gd2.odometer) last7days,
        (gd.odometer-gd3.odometer) thismonth 
FROM dl 
LEFT JOIN gd ON dl.imei=gd.imei
LEFT JOIN gd1 ON dl.imei=gd1.imei
LEFT JOIN gd2 ON dl.imei=gd2.imei
LEFT JOIN gd3 ON dl.imei=gd3.imei;

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

这应该更适合你：

DECLARE @cid int=1
DECLARE @datee date='2016-01-25';

WITH dl AS (
    SELECT DISTINCT
            dl.imei,
            dl.vname,
            dl.driver,
            dl.mobileno
    FROM devices_list dl 
    WHERE dl.cid=@cid
),
gd AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer,
            MIN(b.odometer) minod 
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = @datee
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd1 AS (    
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer,
            MIN(b.odometer) minod2
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = DATEADD(day,-1,@datee)
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd2 AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MAX(b.odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM-dd') = DATEADD(day,-7,@datee)
    GROUP BY b.imei
),
gd3 AS (
    SELECT  b.imei,
            MIN(b.odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata b 
    WHERE FORMAT(b.packettime,'yyyy-MM')=FORMAT(@datee,'yyyy-MM') 
    GROUP BY b.imei
)

SELECT  dl.imei,
        dl.vname,
        dl.driver,
        dl.mobileno,
        gd.odometer,
        (gd.odometer-gd.minod) today,
        (gd1.odometer-gd1.minod2) yesterday,
        (gd.odometer-gd2.odometer) last7days,
        (gd.odometer-gd3.odometer) thismonth 
FROM dl 
LEFT JOIN gd ON dl.imei=gd.imei
LEFT JOIN gd1 ON dl.imei=gd1.imei
LEFT JOIN gd2 ON dl.imei=gd2.imei
LEFT JOIN gd3 ON dl.imei=gd3.imei;

【讨论】：

下次用干净的代码编辑问题。请删除这个，这不是答案。

【解决方案3】：

 DECLARE @cid int=1
 DECLARE @datee date='2016-01-25';

 SELECT  dl.imei,
         dl.vname,
         dl.driver,
         dl.mobileno,
         gd.odometer,
         (gd.odometer-gd.minod) today,
         (gd1.odometer-gd1.minod2) yesterday,
         (gd.odometer-gd2.odometer) last7days,
         (gd.odometer-gd3.odometer) thismonth 
 FROM
 ( SELECT DISTINCT
            imei,
            vname,
            driver,
            mobileno
    FROM devices_list  
    WHERE cid=@cid ) as dl LEFT JOIN
 ( SELECT  imei,
           MAX(odometer) odometer,
           MIN(odometer) minod 
    FROM gpsdata  
    --WHERE cast(packettime as datetime) = @datee
    WHERE packettime  = @datee
    GROUP BY imei
 ) as gd 
 ON dl.imei=gd.imei  LEFT JOIN
 ( SELECT  imei,
            MAX(odometer) odometer,
            MIN(odometer) minod2
    FROM gpsdata  
    WHERE packettime = DATEADD(day,-1,@datee)
    GROUP BY imei
 ) as gd1 
 ON dl.imei=gd1.imei LEFT JOIN
 ( SELECT  imei,
           MAX(odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata  
    WHERE packettime = DATEADD(day,-7,@datee)
    GROUP BY imei
 ) as gd2 
 ON dl.imei=gd2.imei LEFT JOIN
 ( SELECT  imei,
           MIN(odometer) odometer
    FROM gpsdata 
    --WHERE FORMAT(packettime,'yyyy-MM')=FORMAT(@datee,'yyyy-MM') 
    WHERE YEAR(packettime)=YEAR(@datee) 
    AND MONTH(packettime)=MONTH(@datee) 
    GROUP BY imei
 ) as gd3
 ON dl.imei=gd3.imei

我假设 packettime 已经是一个 datetime 列。如果不是，则每次使用时都必须投射它。

您不妨考虑创建一个包含里程表和imei的数据包时间索引

【讨论】：