MYSQL - 从动态表名中选择数据答案

【问题标题】：MYSQL - SELECT data from dynamic table namesMYSQL - 从动态表名中选择数据
【发布时间】：2016-04-01 10:25:43
【问题描述】：

假设我有几个动态表名，例如：

select table_name
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
where table_name like 'ifhcraw%';
ifhcraw_2016_03_25_13
ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19
ifhcraw_2016_03_28_2

而且我没有发现任何关于名称的规则。要查找上次编辑的表，我只需使用查询选择上次修改的表：

select table_name
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
where table_name like 'ifhcraw%' and
      update_time = (select max(update_time)
                     from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
                     where table_name like 'ifhcraw%');

现在所有这一步的目的都是从 table_name 获取数据。我曾尝试使用 variables ，但它失败了。例如：

SET @query1 := 'select table_name
                from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
                where table_name like \'ifhcraw%\' and
                update_time = (select max(update_time)
                               from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
                               where table_name like \'ifhcraw%\') ';
SET @query2 := concat('select *
                       from ', @query1);
PREPARE stmt from @query2;
execute stmt;

请帮忙解决问题。

【问题讨论】：

从第一句话开始，这一切似乎都错了。
您可以使用合并或分区表来代替名称相似的表吗？如果不是，那么您在运行准备好的语句时遇到的确切错误消息是什么？
对不起，我不擅长 SQL。不，我不能。
我收到消息：SQL (1064)：您的 SQL 语法有错误；检查与您的 MySQL 服务器版本相对应的手册以获取正确的语法，以便在 'select table_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where table_name like 'ifhcraw%' at line 1 */
SET @query2 := concat('select * from ', /*@query1:*/'select table_name ...');。试试PREPARE stmt from @query1;。

标签： mysql tablename

【解决方案1】：

试试：

mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.11    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ifhcraw_2016_03_25_13`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ifhcraw_2016_03_28_2`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `ifhcraw_2016_03_25_13` (
    ->   `id` INT
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19` (
    ->   `id` INT
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `ifhcraw_2016_03_28_2` (
    ->   `id` INT
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @`TABLE_NAME` := NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT `TABLE_NAME` INTO @`TABLE_NAME`
    -> FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    -> WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%' AND
    ->       `UPDATE_TIME` = (SELECT MAX(`UPDATE_TIME`)
    ->                        FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    ->                        WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%'
    ->                       );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT @`TABLE_NAME`;
+---------------+
| @`TABLE_NAME` |
+---------------+
| NULL          |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @`qry` := IF(@`TABLE_NAME` IS NULL,
    ->                  'SELECT NULL',
    ->                  CONCAT('SELECT * FROM ', @`TABLE_NAME`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> PREPARE `stmt` FROM @`qry`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared

mysql> EXECUTE `stmt`;
+------+
| NULL |
+------+
| NULL |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DEALLOCATE PREPARE `stmt`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19`
    ->   (`id`)
    -> VALUES
    ->   (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT `TABLE_NAME` INTO @`TABLE_NAME`
    -> FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    -> WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%' AND
    ->       `UPDATE_TIME` = (SELECT MAX(`UPDATE_TIME`)
    ->                        FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    ->                        WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%'
    ->                       );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT @`TABLE_NAME`;
+-----------------------+
| @`TABLE_NAME`         |
+-----------------------+
| ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @`qry` := IF(@`TABLE_NAME` IS NULL,
    ->                  'SELECT NULL',
    ->                  CONCAT('SELECT * FROM ', @`TABLE_NAME`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> PREPARE `stmt` FROM @`qry`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared

mysql> EXECUTE `stmt`;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DEALLOCATE PREPARE `stmt`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

更新

当有两个或多个表符合条件时要小心，会失败如下：

mysql> INSERT INTO `ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19`
    ->   (`id`)
    -> VALUES
    ->   (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `ifhcraw_2016_03_28_2`
    ->   (`id`)
    -> VALUES
    ->   (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> SELECT `TABLE_NAME`
    -> FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    -> WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%' AND
    ->       `UPDATE_TIME` = (SELECT MAX(`UPDATE_TIME`)
    ->                        FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    ->                        WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%'
    ->                       );
+-----------------------+
| TABLE_NAME            |
+-----------------------+
| ifhcraw_2016_03_26_19 |
| ifhcraw_2016_03_28_2  |
+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0,00 sec)

mysql> SELECT `TABLE_NAME` INTO @`TABLE_NAME`
    -> FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    -> WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%' AND
    ->       `UPDATE_TIME` = (SELECT MAX(`UPDATE_TIME`)
    ->                        FROM `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`.`TABLES`
    ->                        WHERE `TABLE_NAME` LIKE 'ifhcraw%'
    ->                       );
ERROR 1172 (42000): Result consisted of more than one row

您应该按照您认为合适的方式处理此案。

【讨论】：