Django 设置无法正常工作

Question

我可以执行

python manage.py migrate - it executes perfectly

但是当我运行时

django-admin shell

它没有给出以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 294, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 337, in execute
    saved_locale = translation.get_language()
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 190, in get_language
    return _trans.get_language()
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 57, in __getattr__
    if settings.USE_I18N:
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting USE_I18N, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/bin/django-admin", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 367, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 359, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 306, in run_from_argv
    connections.close_all()
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 229, in close_all
    for alias in self:
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 223, in __iter__
    return iter(self.databases)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 156, in databases
    self._databases = settings.DATABASES
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/cj/.vtenv/officingx/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

我的设置.py

"""
Django settings for officingx project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

import dj_database_url

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['OFFICINGX_SECRET_KEY']

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'amenity.apps.AmenityConfig',
    'booking.apps.BookingConfig',
    'location.apps.LocationConfig',
    'organization.apps.OrganizationConfig',
    'photo.apps.PhotoConfig',
    'product.apps.ProductConfig',
    'property.apps.PropertyConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'officingx.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'officingx.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {'default': dj_database_url.config()}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

请帮助我不明白为什么即使迁移命令工作正常，它也无法读取设置

Answer 1

取自docs：

通常，在处理单个 Django 项目时，使用 manage.py 比使用 django-admin 更容易。如果需要在多个 Django 设置文件之间切换，请使用 django-admin 和 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 或 --settings 命令行选项。

您没有在django-admin 中指定--settings 模块（作为参数），这就是Django 抱怨的原因。这样做：django-admin shell --settings=myproject.settings。

另外，来自docs：

设置模块应采用 Python 包语法，例如mysite.settings。如果没有提供，django-admin 将使用 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量。

你也可以./manage.py shell