没有程序集的简单 WPF 应用程序中的 .NET 异常“需要强命名程序集”

Question

我有一个简单的 XAML 表单（见下文）的小型 WPF 工具，它不使用第 3 方库或控件。它在 .net 3.5

中从 Windows XP 到 Windows 8.1 的 50 台机器上运行没有问题

当我在 Windows Server 2012 上启动它时，它运行良好（写入文件、显示 MessageBox），直到执行前进到 第一个 WPF 表单，它在 第一个 WPF 表单 中崩溃了strong>在 XAML 解析期间加载（视觉主题）库的非用户代码。

Windows Server 2012 视觉主题是否存在任何已知的 .NET 问题？

DispatcherUnhandledException:

System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException: Failed object initialization (ISupportInitialize.EndInit).
 A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)
 Error at object 'ButtonRun' in markup file 'FIS;component/windows/mainwindow.xaml'. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)

   at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
   at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadExternalAssembly(Boolean classic, Boolean generic, Assembly& assembly, String& assemblyName)
   at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadThemedDictionary(Boolean isTraceEnabled)
   at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindDictionaryResource(Object key, Type typeKey, ResourceKey resourceKey, Boolean isTraceEnabled, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference, Boolean& canCache)
   at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindResourceInternal(Object key, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference)
   at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindThemeStyle(DependencyObjectType key)
   at System.Windows.StyleHelper.GetThemeStyle(FrameworkElement fe, FrameworkContentElement fce)
   at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.UpdateThemeStyleProperty()
   at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
   at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.TryFireInitialized()
   at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.EndInit()
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ElementEndInit(Object& element)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(String message, Exception innerException, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, Uri baseUri, XamlObjectIds currentXamlObjectIds, XamlObjectIds contextXamlObjectIds, Type objectType)
   at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(ParserContext parserContext, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, String message, Exception innerException)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ThrowExceptionWithLine(String message, Exception innerException)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.CreateInstanceFromType(Type type, Int16 typeId, Boolean throwOnFail)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.GetElementAndFlags(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementStartRecord, Object& element, ReaderFlags& flags, Type& delayCreatedType, Int16& delayCreatedTypeId)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.BaseReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadRecord(BamlRecord bamlRecord)
   at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.Read(Boolean singleRecord)
   at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilderBamlTranslator.ParseFragment()
   at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilder.Parse()
   at System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.LoadBaml(Stream stream, ParserContext parserContext, Object parent, Boolean closeStream)
   at System.Windows.Application.LoadBamlStreamWithSyncInfo(Stream stream, ParserContext pc)
   at System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(Uri resourceLocator, Boolean bSkipJournaledProperties)
   at System.Windows.Application.DoStartup()
   at System.Windows.Application.<.ctor>b__0(Object unused)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter, Delegate catchHandler)

简单的 XAML 表单，包括应用程序启动时的 WPF 启动画面（淡出）：

<Window x:Class="MainWindow"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    x:Name="MainWin" Title="..........." Height="228" Width="525" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" AllowsTransparency="True" WindowStyle="None" ResizeMode="CanMinimize" MouseLeftButtonDown="Window_MouseLeftButtonDown" MouseRightButtonDown="Window_MouseRightButtonDown" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
    <Window.Triggers>
        <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Window.Loaded">
            <BeginStoryboard>
                <Storyboard>
                    <DoubleAnimation
                        Storyboard.TargetName="MainWin"
                        Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Window.Opacity)" 
                        From="0" To="1" Duration="0:0:0.5" />
                </Storyboard>
            </BeginStoryboard>
        </EventTrigger>
    </Window.Triggers>
    <Window.Background>
        <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" MappingMode="RelativeToBoundingBox" StartPoint="0.5,0">
            <GradientStop Color="#CF767676" Offset="1"/>
            <GradientStop Color="#CF565656" Offset="0.5"/>
            <GradientStop Color="#CFB4B4B4"/>
        </LinearGradientBrush>
    </Window.Background>
    <Grid>
        <Image HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="128" Margin="197.88,80.702,199.12,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="128" Source="xxxxxxxxxx_128x128_png.png" Stretch="None" RenderTransformOrigin="0.575,0.541"/>
        <Button x:Name="ButtonRun" Content="......." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="197.88,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
        <Button x:Name="ButtonRunMenu" Content="....................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="377,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
        <Button x:Name="ButtonMinimize" Content="0" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="462,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonMinimize_Click" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip="............."/>
        <Button x:Name="ButtonClose" Content="r" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="491,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonClose_Click" IsCancel="True" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip=".............."/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelAppName" Content="..." Margin="67.834,17.757,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontSize="20" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="389.166"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelCurrentAction" Content="........................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,192.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" Width="253.993"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelPreparedVersion" Content="......" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="10,47.779,10,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="505" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelErrorCondition" Content="............" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,60,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFBB0000" Foreground="White"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelWarningCondition" Content="..........." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,90,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelNotAtLatestVersion" Content="........................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,120,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCC00"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesNoConnection" Content=".................................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="208" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesMisconfigured" Content="................................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="192.88" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesDisabled" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCCCC"/>
        <Label x:Name="LabelUpdateAvailableForDownload" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="White"/>

    </Grid>
</Window>

更多详情：

• 如果内置 Debug 配置，它还会给出错误在上述 XAML 的 Line 26, Column 156 上的信息，但只有 IsDefault="True"。

• 当我删除所有 <Button> 标记时，它在第一个 <Label> 标记上以相同的方式崩溃。

• 如果我用标签和按钮构建新的 WPF 应用程序，它可以在同一台 PC 上运行而不会崩溃。

• 我在机器上重新安装了 .NET 3.5（通过从系统“功能”中删除并重新添加它）但没有任何变化。

为什么 .NET 会因自己的东西而崩溃？

Answer 1

项目中有没有强名称的 ZIP DLL 库。 WPF 正在尝试对其进行扫描。

当我检查 Solution explorer 工具窗口，即项目引用列表和每个引用的检查属性（在 Properties 窗口中）时，我发现有引用的 ZIP DLL库，其属性 Strong Name 设置为 False。

问题仍然是为什么这会在 WPF 初始化时崩溃，但我想有两个原因：

• 在加载第一个 WPF 控件时，WPF 使用反射扫描（甚至不相关的）项目库以查找它们是否包含 WPF 控件的皮肤

• Windows Server 为强程序集名称设置了比标准 Windows 机器更严格的策略

综合这些事实，可以理解为什么没有强名称的库只会在 Windows Server 2012 上的 WPF 初始化期间导致崩溃。