Rails - 错误“安装 sqlite3 (1.3.13) 时出错，Bundler 无法继续”

Question

我对 Git 和 Ruby on Rails 完全陌生，我正在做“The Odin 项目”，但我被卡住了。

我正在尝试部署我创建的应用程序，使用 Git 将主分支推送到 Heroku。

当我运行命令“git push heroku master”时，我得到这个日志，并出现以下错误，可能是什么？

matteo@matteo-VirtualBox:~/railsbridge/hello_app$ git push heroku master
Counting objects: 90, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done.
Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 22.03 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 90 (delta 6), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: 
remote:  !     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
remote:             Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
remote:             See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
remote: -----> Ruby app detected
remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
remote: -----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.15.2
remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
remote:        Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.15.2) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.15.4). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Fetching rake 12.1.0
remote:        Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
remote:        Fetching minitest 5.10.3
....
remote:        Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
remote:        Fetching activesupport 5.1.4
remote:        The latest bundler is 1.16.0.pre.3, but you are currently running 1.15.2.
remote:        To update, run `gem install bundler --pre`
remote:        Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
remote:        current directory:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13/ext/sqlite3
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/ruby -r
remote:        ./siteconf20171015-278-1swne7x.rb extconf.rb
remote:        checking for sqlite3.h... no
remote:        sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3',
remote:        'yum install sqlite-devel' or 'apt-get install libsqlite3-dev'
remote:        and check your shared library search path (the
remote:        location where your sqlite3 shared library is located).
remote:        *** extconf.rb failed ***
remote:        Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
remote:        libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
remote:        need configuration options.
remote:        Provided configuration options:
remote:        --with-opt-dir
remote:        --srcdir=.
remote:        --curdir
remote:        --ruby=/tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
remote:        --with-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
remote:        To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
remote:        be found here:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/mkmf.log
remote:        extconf failed, exit code 1
remote:        Gem files will remain installed in
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13
remote:        for inspection.
remote:        Results logged to
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/gem_make.out
remote:        An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.13), and Bundler cannot
remote:        continue.
remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.13'` succeeds before bundling.
remote:        In Gemfile:
remote:        sqlite3
remote:        Bundler Output: Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.15.2) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.15.4). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Fetching rake 12.1.0
remote:        Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
1.4
remote:        Fetching rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        Installing rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        The latest bundler is 1.16.0.pre.3, but you are currently running 1.15.2.
remote:        To update, run `gem install bundler --pre`
remote:        Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
remote:        
remote:        current directory:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13/ext/sqlite3
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/ruby -r
remote:        ./siteconf20171015-278-1swne7x.rb extconf.rb
remote:        checking for sqlite3.h... no
remote:        sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3',
remote:        'yum install sqlite-devel' or 'apt-get install libsqlite3-dev'
remote:        and check your shared library search path (the
remote:        location where your sqlite3 shared library is located).
remote:        *** extconf.rb failed ***
remote:        Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
remote:        libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
remote:        need configuration options.
remote:        
remote:        Provided configuration options:
remote:        --with-opt-dir
remote:        --without-opt-dir
remote:        --ruby=/tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
remote:        --with-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
remote:        
remote:        To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
remote:        be found here:
remote:        
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/mkmf.log
remote:        
remote:        extconf failed, exit code 1
remote:        
remote:        Gem files will remain installed in
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13
remote:        for inspection.
remote:        Results logged to
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/gem_make.out
remote:        
remote:        An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.13), and Bundler cannot
remote:        continue.
remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.13'` succeeds before bundling.
remote:        
remote:        In Gemfile:
remote:        sqlite3
remote:  !
remote:  !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote:  !     Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku:
remote:  !     https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
remote:  !
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote: 
remote:  !     Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote: 
remote: !   Push rejected to murmuring-river-60914.
remote: 
To https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-river-60914.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-river-60914.git'

我已经按照教程说明在里面设置了 Gemfile：

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.0', platform: :mri
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.20.0'
end

Answer 1

对于多个 buildpack，将它们全部删除，然后设置 Ruby 一个：

$ heroku buildpacks:clear
$ heroku buildpacks:set heroku/ruby

关于SQLite on Heroku：

SQLite 在内存中运行，并将其数据存储备份到磁盘上的文件中。 虽然这种策略非常适合开发，但 Heroku 的 Cedar 堆栈 有一个临时文件系统。你可以写它，你可以读 从它，但内容将定期清除。如果你要 在 Heroku 上使用 SQLite，您至少会丢失整个数据库 每 24 小时一次。

所以，对于消息

sqlite3.h 丢失。试试'brew install sqlite3'`

在您的 Gemfile 中将 sqlite3 gem 替换为 pg，然后编辑 database.yml 文件：

# Gemfile
gem 'pg'

# config/database.yml
default: &default
  adapter: postgresql
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_dev

test:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_test

production:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_prod

您可能需要清理 tmp/ 文件夹，因此您可以删除 Gemfile.lock 文件并为此运行 rails 命令：

$ rm -rf Gemfile.lock
$ rails tmp:clear
$ rails tmp:create