将 Rails 应用程序部署到 Heroku 时出现 NoMethodError（在模型上调用 .create 时）

【问题标题】：NoMethodError with Rails app deployed to Heroku (When calling .create on model)将 Rails 应用程序部署到 Heroku 时出现 NoMethodError（在模型上调用 .create 时）
【发布时间】：2020-12-08 20:42:37
【问题描述】：

我正在编写要部署在 Heroku 上的 Ruby on Rails Web 应用程序。

开发数据库是 SQLite，生产数据库是 PostgreSQL。

一切都在本地开发和测试环境中工作，并且在 Heroku 上工作直到最后一批修订。突然，尝试创建 Customer 模型的实例正在抛出

'NoMethodError undefined method `each' for nil:nilclass'.

迁移肯定已经运行了，我已经尝试过 pg:reset 和重新运行迁移，我也尝试过重启 heroku。

如果我在 heroku 上打开 rails 控制台并尝试调用以下任何方法，我会得到相同的错误

Customer.count Customer.create(...) Customer.new

谁能帮忙解决这个问题？

编辑：

运行 rails db 时的 Stacktrace：使用 Postgres DB 迁移（SQLite 没有错误）

** Invoke db:_dump (first_time)
** Execute db:_dump
** Invoke db:schema:dump (first_time)
** Invoke db:load_config
** Execute db:schema:dump
rails aborted!
NoMethodError: undefined method `each' for nil:NilClass
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/descriptive_statistics-2.5.1/lib/descriptive_statistics/support/convert.rb:37:in `to_array'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/descriptive_statistics-2.5.1/lib/descriptive_statistics/support/convert.rb:8:in `convert'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/descriptive_statistics-2.5.1/lib/descriptive_statistics/sum.rb:3:in `sum'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.4/lib/active_support/core_ext/enumerable.rb:185:in `sum'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:659:in `sequence_name_from_parts'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:631:in `new_column_from_field'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:115:in `block in columns'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:114:in `map'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:114:in `columns'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:112:in `table'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:100:in `block in tables'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:99:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:99:in `tables'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:44:in `dump'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb:28:in `dump'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:377:in `block in dump_schema'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:376:in `open'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:376:in `dump_schema'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:392:in `block (4 levels) in <main>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:390:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:390:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `block in execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:219:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `synchronize'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:188:in `invoke'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:97:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `block in execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:219:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `synchronize'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:188:in `invoke'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:88:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `block in execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:281:in `execute'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:219:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `synchronize'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:199:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/task.rb:188:in `invoke'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `invoke_task'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `each'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `block in top_level'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:125:in `run_with_threads'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:110:in `top_level'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/railties-6.0.3.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:23:in `block in perform'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/rake-13.0.1/lib/rake/application.rb:186:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/railties-6.0.3.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `perform'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/railties-6.0.3.4/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/railties-6.0.3.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `block in require'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `load_dependency'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `require'
/Users/harilimaye/Documents/CompSci/Year 2/SEG/smg/alpaca_online_banking/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:72:in `require'
/Users/harilimaye/.rbenv/versions/2.7.1/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:72:in `require'
/Users/harilimaye/Documents/CompSci/Year 2/SEG/smg/alpaca_online_banking/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'

【问题讨论】：

  • 显示堆栈跟踪
  • 谢谢 - 我已编辑问题以包含堆栈跟踪
  • 看app/models/customer.rb:45，方法createCustomers
  • 是的，所以这个工厂方法只生成 1 个或多个客户哈希并调用 Customer.create！跟他们。我试过打电话给 Customer.create！在 heroku rails 控制台上，我收到了这个错误，这看起来很奇怪。我没有在任何地方明确调用“每个”，它似乎是通过调用任何涉及数据库交互的 Customer 模型类方法产生的
  • 嗯，是的，为了解释这一点，我需要看到minimal reproducible example。通过互联网猜测只能让你走这么远。

标签： ruby-on-rails postgresql heroku


【解决方案1】：

原来问题是由于在我的 gem 文件中包含了 gem 'transaction_faker'，它添加了模块 descriptive_statistics（问题的根源）。我的猜测是它必须覆盖从迁移到 Postgres 的转换中使用的 Enumerable 模块的 sum 方法，或者类似的东西。

【讨论】：

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