heroku run rake db:migrate，未定义的方法答案

【问题标题】：heroku run rake db:migrate, undefined methodheroku run rake db:migrate，未定义的方法
【发布时间】：2015-01-15 07:57:18
【问题描述】：

当我尝试将我的数据库迁移到 heroku 时，我收到了这个错误。我认为这可能与回形针有关。当我在计算机上本地 rake 数据库时，它工作正常。

错误信息

Running `rake db:migrate` attached to terminal... up, run.2870
   (705.4ms)  CREATE TABLE "schema_migrations" ("version" character varying NOT NULL) 
   (59.9ms)  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX  "unique_schema_migrations" ON "schema_migrations"  ("version")
  ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (2.7ms)  SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations"
Migrating to CreateCountries (20150113022256)
   (3.2ms)  BEGIN
== 20150113022256 CreateCountries: migrating ==================================
-- create_table(:countries)
   (4.1ms)  ROLLBACK
rake aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled:

undefined method `attachment' for #<ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQL::TableDefinition:0x007fb245cca098>/app/db/migrate/20150113022256_create_countries.rb:6:in `block in change'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:200:in `create_table'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:662:in `block in method_missing'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:632:in `block in say_with_time'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:632:in `say_with_time'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:652:in `method_missing'
/app/db/migrate/20150113022256_create_countries.rb:3:in `change'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:606:in `exec_migration'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:589:in `block in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:588:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:765:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:995:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1041:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:188:in `within_new_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1041:in `ddl_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:994:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:956:in `block in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:952:in `each'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:952:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:820:in `up'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:798:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
NoMethodError: undefined method `attachment' for #<ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQL::TableDefinition:0x007fb245cca098>
/app/db/migrate/20150113022256_create_countries.rb:6:in `block in change'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:200:in `create_table'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:662:in `block in method_missing'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:632:in `block in say_with_time'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:632:in `say_with_time'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:652:in `method_missing'
/app/db/migrate/20150113022256_create_countries.rb:3:in `change'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:606:in `exec_migration'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:589:in `block in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:588:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:765:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:995:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1041:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:188:in `within_new_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1041:in `ddl_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:994:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:956:in `block in migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:952:in `each'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:952:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:820:in `up'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:798:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate

20150113022256_create_countries.rb

class CreateCountries < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table :countries do |t|
      t.string :text
      t.string :title
      t.attachment :photo

      t.timestamps null: false
    end
  end
end

宝石文件

source 'https://rubygems.org'


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.0'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
group :development, :test do 
    gem 'sqlite3'
end

gem 'pg'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more:      https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'jquery-turbolinks'
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

gem 'rails_12factor', group: :production

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug'

  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'

  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'

  gem 'paperclip'

  ruby '2.2.0'

end

【问题讨论】：

20150113022256_create_countries.rb:6 文件中有什么？
(class CreateCountries < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :countries do |t| t.string :text t.string :title t.attachment :photo t.timestamps null: false end end end
请使用此数据编辑您的问题。另外，显示您的Gemfile - 也许您只在开发环境中需要paperclip？
t.attachment 是 Paperclip 生成的一种方法，因此 Heroku 无法在您的系统上找到 gem。我可以问你为什么不使用rake db:schema:load 吗？在生产环境中运行这样的迁移以将数据库转移到需要的位置可能会遇到很多问题。
rails 版本，回形针 gem 版本是什么？您需要提供更多信息以了解其来源。使用在TableDefinition 上没有attachment 方法的旧版本回形针时可能会遇到同样的错误

标签： ruby-on-rails activerecord heroku

【解决方案1】：

您在development 和test 组中有gem 'paperclip'。这意味着，这不包含在您的生产环境中。将 gem 'paperclip' 声明移出 group :development, :test do ... 块。

【讨论】：