安装 devise gem 时出现拼写错误后未初始化的常量错误消息

Question

我刚开始学习如何编程，但是已经使用 Ubuntu 几年了，所以我对研究问题和错误非常熟悉，但是这个领域对我来说太新了，或者我真的找不到任何具体的答案为此。

我正在参加 ruby​​ on rails 介绍课程，到了必须安装 devise gem 的地步，这就是我犯错的地方。

在按照the devise github page 上的说明操作时，我不小心输入了：

rails generate devise install

而不是

rails generate devise:install

现在，每当我尝试加载时

铁轨

我收到此错误消息：

/home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activesupport-3.2.9/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:230:in `block in constantize': uninitialized constant Install (NameError)
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activesupport-3.2.9/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:229:in `each'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activesupport-3.2.9/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:229:in `constantize'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise.rb:256:in `get'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:77:in `to'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:72:in `modules'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:89:in `routes'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:156:in `default_used_route'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:66:in `initialize'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise.rb:290:in `new'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise.rb:290:in `add_mapping'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:208:in `block in devise_for'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:207:in `each'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/devise-2.1.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:207:in `devise_for'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config/routes.rb:3:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/actionpack-3.2.9/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:282:in `instance_exec'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/actionpack-3.2.9/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:282:in `eval_block'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/actionpack-3.2.9/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:260:in `draw'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config/routes.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `block in load_paths'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `each'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `load_paths'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:16:in `reload!'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:26:in `block in updater'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activesupport-3.2.9/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:78:in `call'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activesupport-3.2.9/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:78:in `execute'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:27:in `updater'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:7:in `execute_if_updated'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:66:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `each'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/application.rb:136:in `initialize!'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config.ru:4:in `block in <main>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config.ru:1:in `new'
from /home/amer/Documents/Rails_Projects/omrails/omrails1/config.ru:1:in `<main>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `eval'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/server.rb:200:in `app'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:46:in `app'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/server.rb:301:in `wrapped_app'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/server.rb:252:in `start'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:70:in `start'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/commands.rb:55:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `tap'
from /home/amer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/railties-3.2.9/lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `<top (required)>'
from script/rails:6:in `require'
from script/rails:6:in `<main>'

在此处发布之前，我尝试重新安装 ruby​​ 1.9.3。使用 rvm。我尝试使用

rvm gemset empty [gemset_name]

正如RVM: Uninstalling all gems of a gemset 中所述，但这也没有真正的帮助。

我该怎么办？谁能向我解释这里发生了什么？

Answer 1

我了解您的问题。 你写了rails generate devise install。这意味着您已将install 关联为模型来设计而不是配置它。所以您的文件是在没有设计配置的情况下创建的。

您只需按照我写的内容进行操作即可：
1）在'/config/initializers'中创建一个devise.rb文件
2) 在里面写下如下代码：

Devise.setup do |config|
config.mailer_sender = "devise@example.com"
config.scoped_views = true
require 'devise/orm/active_record'#[这对你有用]
config.case_insensitive_keys = [ :email ]
config.strip_whitespace_keys = [ :email ]
config.skip_session_storage = [:http_auth]
config.stretches = Rails.env.test? ? 1 : 10
config.reconfirmable = true
config.reset_password_within = 6.hours
config.sign_out_via = :delete
end

2) 并在终端中写入rails destroy devise install。就是这样。
我认为上述方法肯定会奏效。

3) 现在再次启动您的服务器rails s。
4) 再次小心安装设备。继续吧。

Answer 2

我认为您没有 gem 问题，只是混淆了 Devise 设置，这很可能很容易被混淆。

当您运行 Devise 生成器（使用 rails generate Devise:something）时，它会运行代码以在您的应用程序树 (app/*) 中创建一些特定于您的应用程序的文件。我正在查看 Devise 安装，并认为它主要位于 app/views/devise 目录中，但它也可能会更新您的用户模型。它肯定会更新您的app/routes.rb 文件并在config/initializers 中创建一个文件。可能还有其他人。

删除其中任何一个。语言环境中可能还有其他文件，db/migrate（有迁移 - 不要运行它，或者在删除之前运行rake db:rollback）。

然后重新运行安装。

如果这不起作用，另一种方法是创建一个新的虚拟 Rails 应用程序，在那里安装设计，然后查看创建了哪些文件——通常生成器会报告它们在做什么。