rbenv：无法安装 2.2.0 或 2.2.1。无法在 2.2.2 (OSX 10.10.4) 上`gem install bundler`答案

【问题标题】：Rbenv: unable to install 2.2.0 or 2.2.1. unable to `gem install bundler` on 2.2.2 (OSX 10.10.4)rbenv：无法安装 2.2.0 或 2.2.1。无法在 2.2.2 (OSX 10.10.4) 上`gem install bundler`
【发布时间】：2015-07-06 01:33:24
【问题描述】：

在我试图为这个其他问题找到解决方案时，我感到很沮丧，只是用rm -rf ~/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2 删除了我的 Ruby 安装。使用rbenv install 2.2.2 重新安装它后，我发现突然无法安装bundler gem。 gem install bundler 命令导致以下错误：

ERROR:  Loading command: install (LoadError)
    cannot load such file -- zlib
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)
    undefined method `invoke_with_build_args' for nil:NilClass

我所读到的一切似乎都表明缺少zlib 包通常是Linux 系统的问题。但是，我使用的是 OSX 10.10.4，并且我读过 zlib 应该带有我拥有的命令行工具。

经过一堆谷歌搜索但没有任何进展，我决定从 rbenv 重新开始。我卸载了 rbenv 并重新安装了它，但我仍然无法使用我的 rbenv 安装的 ruby 2.2.2 来安装 bundler。而且，我发现我根本无法安装 2.2.0 或 2.2.1 版本：

MacBook-Pro:~ me$ rbenv install 2.2.0
Downloading ruby-2.2.0.tar.gz...
-> http://dqw8nmjcqpjn7.cloudfront.net/7671e394abfb5d262fbcd3b27a71bf78737c7e9347fa21c39e58b0bb9c4840fc
Installing ruby-2.2.0...

BUILD FAILED (OS X 10.10.4 using ruby-build 20150519)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/rm/38vbv5g952s54r1txrmrdlf40000gn/T/ruby-build.20150705212307.49958
Results logged to /var/folders/rm/38vbv5g952s54r1txrmrdlf40000gn/T/ruby-build.20150705212307.49958.log

Last 10 log lines:
    from /private/var/folders/rm/38vbv5g952s54r1txrmrdlf40000gn/T/ruby-build.20150705212307.49958/ruby-2.2.0/lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /private/var/folders/rm/38vbv5g952s54r1txrmrdlf40000gn/T/ruby-build.20150705212307.49958/ruby-2.2.0/lib/rubygems.rb:556:in `install'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:717:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:716:in `each'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:716:in `block in <main>'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:749:in `call'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:749:in `block in <main>'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:746:in `each'
    from ./tool/rbinstall.rb:746:in `<main>'
make: *** [do-install-all] Error 1

我完全没有想法，如果有人认为他们可能知道发生了什么，我将不胜感激。在这一点上，我的开发环境几乎完全被淹没了。

编辑

运行brew doctor的输出：

Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry and just ignore them. Thanks!

Warning: Unbrewed dylibs were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected dylibs:
    /usr/local/lib/libatk-1.0.0.2209.1.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.1200.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.0.1200.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.0.1200.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgio-2.0.0.0.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libGLEW.1.5.4.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libglib-2.0.0.1600.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.0.1600.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.1600.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgthread-2.0.0.1600.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.0.1200.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libintl.8.0.2.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.62.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libpango-1.0.0.2100.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libpangocairo-1.0.0.2100.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.0.2100.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libpangox-1.0.0.2100.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libpangoxft-1.0.0.2100.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libportaudio.2.0.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib
    /usr/local/lib/libz.1.2.5.dylib

Warning: Unbrewed .la files were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected .la files:
    /usr/local/lib/libatk-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgio-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libglib-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgthread-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libintl.la
    /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la
    /usr/local/lib/libpango-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libpangocairo-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libpangox-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libpangoxft-1.0.la
    /usr/local/lib/libportaudio.la

Warning: Unbrewed static libraries were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected static libraries:
    /usr/local/lib/libintl.a
    /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.a
    /usr/local/lib/libportaudio.a
    /usr/local/lib/libz.a

【问题讨论】：

你也在使用自制软件吗？如果是这样，您可以尝试运行brew doctor。
感谢您的评论@MattBrictson。是的，我一直在使用自制软件来安装/卸载 rbenv 和 ruby-build。我在运行brew doctor 时收到一些警告，但它看起来不像我以前从未见过的任何东西。我会将完整的输出添加到我的帖子中。
嗯，我以前没见过那些brew doctor 警告。也许尝试将libz* 文件移出/usr/local/lib 看看是否能解决问题？
原来它与我的 Xcode 安装有关。我已经在下面发布了答案

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby macos bundler rbenv

【解决方案1】：

事实证明，要么 a) 我的 Xcode 安装发生了问题（不确定会发生什么/如何发生），要么 b) 在升级 OSX 后升级后需要手动更新 Xcode。

即使我已经升级了命令行工具，我还是决定在 App Store 中检查我的 Xcode 安装，并注意到可以安装/更新。所以我这样做了，然后一切正常。

【讨论】：