Xcode 无法安装在 OSX 10.9.2 上

Question

使用 OS X 10.9.2 Mavericks

我在安装 github-pages gem 时遇到问题。我需要先安装 Xcode，但这会导致错误。 我尝试使用以下命令安装 Xcode：xcode-select --install。对话框显示三个选项：Download Xcode、Not now、Install 当我选择“安装”并选择接受后，该过程开始并在一段时间后停止。显示软件在更新服务器上不可用。 当我选择“下载 Xcode”时，App Store 启动，我可以安装 Xcode。 还是Xcode好像没有安装，看下面的步骤。

安装 Xcode 后，我启动终端并按照 Using Jekyll with pages. 上的说明进行操作

当我在我的根文件夹中运行sudo bundle install --verbose 时，编译器会生成一个error:/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:430:in 'try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)

你必须先安装开发工具。

Below the output of the `sudo bundle install` command:

Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies
HTTP Success
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Query List: ["RedCloth", "blankslate", "fast-stemmer", "classifier", "colorator", "highline", "commander", "ffi", "liquid", "rb-fsevent", "rb-inotify", "rb-kqueue", "listen", "maruku", "posix-spawn", "yajl-ruby", "pygments.rb", "redcarpet", "safe_yaml", "parslet", "toml", "jekyll", "kramdown", "rdiscount", "github-pages"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: RedCloth,blankslate,fast-stemmer,classifier,colorator,highline,commander,ffi,liquid,rb-fsevent,rb-inotify,rb-kqueue,listen,maruku,posix-spawn,yajl-ruby,pygments.rb,redcarpet,safe_yaml,parslet,toml,jekyll,kramdown,rdiscount,github-pages
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...ramdown,rdiscount,github-pages
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...ramdown,rdiscount,github-pages
HTTP Success
Query List: ["stemmer", "rake", "bones", "jekyll-redirect-from", "jekyll-mentions", "jemoji", "termios", "jekyll-coffeescript", "sass", "mercenary", "directory_watcher", "open4", "hoe", "albino", "celluloid-io", "celluloid", "rb-fchange", "syntax", "rubypython", "echoe", "psych"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: stemmer,rake,bones,jekyll-redirect-from,jekyll-mentions,jemoji,termios,jekyll-coffeescript,sass,mercenary,directory_watcher,open4,hoe,albino,celluloid-io,celluloid,rb-fchange,syntax,rubypython,echoe,psych
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...,syntax,rubypython,echoe,psych
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...,syntax,rubypython,echoe,psych
HTTP Success
Query List: ["loquacious", "little-plugger", "rdoc", "rspec", "bones-git", "bones-extras", "timers", "facter", "nio4r", "allison", "rubyforge", "gemcutter", "rcov", "RubyInline", "coffee-script", "html-pipeline", "gemoji", "win32-api"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: loquacious,little-plugger,rdoc,rspec,bones-git,bones-extras,timers,facter,nio4r,allison,rubyforge,gemcutter,rcov,RubyInline,coffee-script,html-pipeline,gemoji,win32-api
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...html-pipeline,gemoji,win32-api
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...html-pipeline,gemoji,win32-api
HTTP Success
Query List: ["bones-rcov", "bones-rubyforge", "bones-rspec", "bones-zentest", "git", "coffee-script-source", "execjs", "win32console", "windows-pr", "windows-api", "win32-dir", "sys-admin", "CFPropertyList", "json", "json_pure", "net-scp", "activesupport", "nokogiri", "escape_utils", "rinku", "sanitize", "github-markdown", "github-linguist", "minitest", "rspec-mocks", "rspec-expectations", "rspec-core", "cucumber", "diff-lcs", "spicycode-rcov", "ZenTest", "hitimes", "test-unit"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: bones-rcov,bones-rubyforge,bones-rspec,bones-zentest,git,coffee-script-source,execjs,win32console,windows-pr,windows-api,win32-dir,sys-admin,CFPropertyList,json,json_pure,net-scp,activesupport,nokogiri,escape_utils,rinku,sanitize,github-markdown,github-linguist,minitest,rspec-mocks,rspec-expectations,rspec-core,cucumber,diff-lcs,spicycode-rcov,ZenTest,hitimes,test-unit
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...rcov,ZenTest,hitimes,test-unit
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...rcov,ZenTest,hitimes,test-unit
HTTP Success
Query List: ["thread_safe", "tzinfo", "multi_json", "i18n", "builder", "memcache-client", "libxml-ruby", "multi_test", "gherkin", "term-ansicolor", "treetop", "polyglot", "mime-types", "charlock_holmes", "configuration", "mkrf", "rake-compiler", "spruz", "net-ssh", "mini_portile", "racc", "tenderlove-frex", "rexical", "weakling", "rspec-support", "hpricot", "htmlentities", "win32-security"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: thread_safe,tzinfo,multi_json,i18n,builder,memcache-client,libxml-ruby,multi_test,gherkin,term-ansicolor,treetop,polyglot,mime-types,charlock_holmes,configuration,mkrf,rake-compiler,spruz,net-ssh,mini_portile,racc,tenderlove-frex,rexical,weakling,rspec-support,hpricot,htmlentities,win32-security
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...ot,htmlentities,win32-security
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...ot,htmlentities,win32-security
HTTP Success
Query List: ["trollop", "archive-tar-minitar", "needle", "jruby-pageant", "tins", "atomic", "facets"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: trollop,archive-tar-minitar,needle,jruby-pageant,tins,atomic,facets
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...uby-pageant,tins,atomic,facets
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...uby-pageant,tins,atomic,facets
HTTP Success
Query List: []
Fetching additional metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Query List: ["tenderlove-frex", "spicycode-rcov"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: tenderlove-frex,spicycode-rcov
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dep...tenderlove-frex,spicycode-rcov
HTTP Redirection
Fetching from: https://bundler.rubygems.org/ap...tenderlove-frex,spicycode-rcov
HTTP Success
Query List: []

Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-cflags=-w
checking for main() in -lc... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-redcloth_scan-dir
--without-redcloth_scan-dir
--with-redcloth_scan-include
--without-redcloth_scan-include=${redcloth_scan-dir}/include
--with-redcloth_scan-lib
--without-redcloth_scan-lib=${redcloth_scan-dir}/
--with-clib
--without-clib
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:430:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:509:in `block in try_link0'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/tmpdir.rb:88:in `mktmpdir'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:506:in `try_link0'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:530:in `try_link'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:716:in `try_func'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:946:in `block in have_library'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:891:in `block in checking_for'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:336:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:306:in `open'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:336:in `block in postpone'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:306:in `open'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:332:in `postpone'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:890:in `checking_for'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:941:in `have_library'
from extconf.rb:5:in `<main>'

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/RedCloth-4.2.9 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/RedCloth-4.2.9/ext/redcloth_scan/gem_make.out
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:60:in `run'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:37:in `block in build'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/tempfile.rb:324:in `open'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:18:in `build'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:678:in `block (2 levels) in build_extensions'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:677:in `chdir'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:677:in `block in build_extensions'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:652:in `each'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:652:in `build_extensions'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/installer.rb:218:in `install'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:100:in `block in install'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:118:in `preserve_paths'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:93:in `install'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:111:in `block in install_gem_from_spec'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:150:in `with_build_args'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:110:in `install_gem_from_spec'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:265:in `block in install_sequentially'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/forwardable.rb:171:in `each'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/forwardable.rb:171:in `each'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:264:in `install_sequentially'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:97:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/installer.rb:15:in `install'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/cli.rb:255:in `install'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/invocation.rb:121:in `invoke_command'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/vendor/thor.rb:363:in `dispatch'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/base.rb:440:in `start'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/cli.rb:10:in `start'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/bin/bundle:20:in `block in <top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb:5:in `with_friendly_errors'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.5.3/bin/bundle:20:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
/usr/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
An error occurred while installing RedCloth (4.2.9), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install RedCloth -v '4.2.9'` succeeds before bundling.

Answer 1

您面临的问题特定于 OSX Mavericks 和 XCode 的最新版本（截至今天，2014 年 5 月 21 日）。我也在 10.9.2 上，我遇到了以下问题，我相信这也是您面临的问题。

以下是我在尝试安装/构建 Ruby gems 时遇到的问题，这些问题涉及编译本机代码和/或某些依赖项：

• 您在输出中的某处会得到类似Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. 的内容。

  原因：您的系统上没有安装 ubiquitus 命令行工具。

  解决方案：有 3 种方法可以安装 命令行工具：1) 安装完整的 XCode 套件，启动它，然后让它会为您安装命令行工具，2) 运行xcode-select --install，这将弹出一个对话框，询问您是否要安装完整的XCode，只安装命令行工具，或取消。第二种方法是我所做的，它曾经对我有用，但我已经看到它在其他机器上失败了，因为显然它在网上查找包的位置有时是可访问的，有时不是，所以如果你愿意，试试这个，但它可能不起作用，最后 3) 在Apple Developer Tools 页面从网络下载它（需要使用 Apple 帐户登录）

• 您在输出中的某处会得到类似 clang: error: unknown argument: '-multiply_definedsuppress' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future] 的内容。

  原因： XCode 的最新版本删除了对未使用的命令行参数的支持，如 XCode 5.1 release notes mention：

  编译器

  从 Apple LLVM 编译器版本 5.1 (clang-502) 及更高版本开始，优化级别 -O4 不再意味着链接时间优化 (LTO)。为了使用 LTO 进行构建，除了优化级别标志外，还显式使用 -flto 选项。 (15633276)

  Xcode 5.1 中的 Apple LLVM 编译器将无法识别的命令行选项视为错误。在构建 Python 原生扩展和 Ruby Gems 时发现了这个问题，其中当前指定了一些无效的编译器选项。

  需要更改使用无效编译器选项的项目以删除这些选项。为了帮助简化这种转换，编译器将暂时接受将错误降级为警告的选项：

  -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future

  注意：未来将不支持此选项。

  要解决此问题，请设置 ARCHFLAGS 环境变量以将错误降级为警告。例如，您可以安装 Python 原生扩展：

  $ ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future easy_install ExtensionName

  同样，您可以通过以下方式安装 Ruby Gem：

  $ ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future gem install GemName (16214764)

  解决方案：解决方案在上面 XCode 发行说明的 sn-p 中提到，基本上意味着在运行 gem 安装之前设置环境变量 ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future，如下所示：

  export ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future
  gem install <your-desired-gem>
  

  ...或者，如果您需要以sudo 执行它，请将以上两行放入脚本中并以sudo 执行，或者以sudo 内联方式运行，如下所示：

  sudo bash -c "export ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future; gem install <your-desired-gem>;";
  

  注意：上述解决方案（设置ARCHFLAGS 环境变量）将在未来某个时候停止工作，如上述发行说明中所述。希望到那时，当前的 Ruby gems 将从其Makefiles 中删除未使用的命令行选项。

注意：我使用上述方法在 OSX 10.9.2

中成功安装了github-pages Ruby gem

Answer 2

从 App Store 安装后，在 Applications 目录中找到 Xcode 并启动它（而不是从终端）。它可能会告诉您它需要下载更多的东西。让它。然后，您可以继续按照需要 Xcode 的其他软件的说明进行操作。如果还是不行，可能是其他软件的安装说明有问题。我会联系该软件的维护者以询问具体情况。祝你好运！