不能 gsub UTF-8 符号

Question

我有一个 UTF-8 字符串，需要 1）gsub 特殊符号，2）将整个数据帧转换为“正常”（ASCII？）编码。但是，我无法在其上运行 gsub - 没有捕捉到字符串。 我在French 语言环境中工作（尝试过 UTF-8），但没有获得批准。 无法为您提供完整的数据集，但会在此处发布几个字符串。

  DataFrame = read.csv("SLD_products_FullData.csv",header=F,sep=",",encoding = "UTF-8")
  title = DataFrame$title

这就是标题在控制台中的样子：

"Campbell’s Gravy and General Mills • Cheerios"

在查看器中：

Campbell’s Gravy and General Mills • Cheerios"   

尝试过（各种 perl、固定等）：

gsub("’","'",title)
gsub("•","-",title)

甚至尝试过gsub("’","'",title)。没有运气。

Encoding(title)
[1] "UTF-8"

有什么建议吗？谢谢！！

Answer 1

title <- "Campbell’s Gravy and General Mills • Cheerios"
Encoding(title) 
#In your case it should be UTF-8

#iconvlist() to list possible encodings
#iconv to change encoding from latin1 to UTF-8
title <- iconv(title, "latin1", "UTF-8")
Encoding(title)
[1] "UTF-8"

#Apply Native encoding on the vector    
title <- enc2native(title)
Encoding(title)
[1] "latin1"

#Apply UTF8 encoding on the vector  
title <- enc2utf8(title)
Encoding(title)
[1] "UTF-8"

# Force a change in the encoding
Encoding(title) <- "latin1"
Encoding(title)
[1] "latin1"

title <- enc2utf8(title)
title2 <- gsub("•","-",title)
title2 <- gsub("’","'",title2)
title2
[1] "Campbell's Gravy and General Mills - Cheerios"

Encoding(title2)
[1] "unknown"

title2 <- gsub("(*UCP)(*UTF)•","--",title, perl= TRUE)
title2 <- gsub("(*UCP)(*UTF)’","'",title2, perl= TRUE)
title2
[1] "Campbell's Gravy and General Mills -- Cheerios"
Encoding(title2)
[1] "unknown"

“未知”是除 latin1、UTF-8 或字节之外的任何其他编码。 See