使用 RSpec 获取未初始化的常量错误。不知道是什么原因造成的答案

【问题标题】：Getting an uninitialized constant error with RSpec. Have no idea what's causing it使用 RSpec 获取未初始化的常量错误。不知道是什么原因造成的
【发布时间】：2010-12-13 13:03:43
【问题描述】：

我正在使用 RSpec 进行测试，当我周五下午下班时，我的测试通过了。但是当我回家并同步我的存储库时，我的笔记本电脑上的测试失败了。现在回到工作岗位，测试仍然失败。不要相信它是我的代码，因为单独运行 rspec 会返回错误并且 spork 甚至不会启动。当我尝试启动 Spork 时，我收到以下错误消息：

Using RSpec
Loading Spork.prefork block...
uninitialized constant ActionView::Template::Handlers::ERB::ENCODING_FLAG (NameError)
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/rspec-core-2.2.1/lib/rspec/core/backward_compatibility.rb:20:in `const_missing'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb:85:in `<class:ERB>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb:70:in `<module:Handlers>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb:28:in `<class:Template>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb:27:in `<module:ActionView>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/handlers.rb:10:in `extended'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template.rb:99:in `extend'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template.rb:99:in `<class:Template>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template.rb:8:in `<module:ActionView>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_view/testing/resolvers.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/rspec-rails-2.2.1/lib/rspec/rails/view_rendering.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/rspec-rails-2.2.1/lib/rspec/rails.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:33:in `require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:33:in `rescue in require'
<internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
/home/jeff/Projects/Rails/vahsfbhistory/spec/spec_helper.rb:10:in `block in <top (required)>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork.rb:23:in `prefork'
/home/jeff/Projects/Rails/vahsfbhistory/spec/spec_helper.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/test_framework.rb:138:in `load'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/test_framework.rb:138:in `block (2 levels) in preload'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/app_framework.rb:64:in `preload'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/test_framework.rb:134:in `block in preload'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork.rb:67:in `exec_prefork'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/test_framework.rb:120:in `preload'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/run_strategy/forking.rb:25:in `preload'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/runner.rb:74:in `run'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/lib/spork/runner.rb:9:in `run'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/gems/spork-0.8.4/bin/spork:10:in `<top (required)>'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/bin/spork:19:in `load'
/home/jeff/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@rails3tutorial/bin/spork:19:in `<main>'

有人知道是什么原因造成的吗？

【问题讨论】：

你有没有发现你为什么会收到这个错误？我现在自己也在经历这个。我所做的只是需要'rspec/rails'

标签： ruby-on-rails rspec spork

【解决方案1】：

我遇到了这个问题。在 spec_helper.rb 中尝试替换：

require "rails"

与

require "rails/all"

在我的情况下工作。

【讨论】：

这并没有解决我在 Rails 4.2.5 应用上的问题

【解决方案2】：

需要初始化环境，将此行添加到spec_helper.rb:

require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)

【讨论】：

@Зелёный 及时回答:)
这确实修复了我的 Rails 4.2.5 应用程序上的症状

【解决方案3】：

如果您尝试在非 Rails 项目中使用 rspec-rails，则可能会遇到此问题。在这种情况下，使用 require "rails/all" 不是一个选项，因为它需要 ActiveRecord 的东西让你有：

ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished: No connection pool with 'primary' found.

您可以通过以下方式解决此问题：

require "action_controller/railtie"

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

如果它不是 Rails 应用程序并且您不想包含所有 Rails，请将其添加到您的 spec_helper.rb：

require 'action_view'

【讨论】：

这不适用于非 Rails 应用程序。 NameError: uninitialized constant ActionController::TestCase 失败。请参阅我的答案。