“错误：无法构建 gem 原生扩展。”在安装 Rails 时

Question

我正在尝试安装 Rails。我安装了 RVM，然后通过它安装了最新的 Ruby 版本（它可以工作），但安装 Rails 以这种方式失败：

serge1peshcoff@myLaptop:~$ gem install rails
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
/home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:73: warning: Insecure world writable dir /allext/soft_without_install in PATH, mode 040777
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150911-21759-1c3q6e9.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
/home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/x86_64-linux/digest/md5.so: undefined symbol: rb_Digest_MD5_Init - /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/x86_64-linux/digest/md5.so (LoadError)
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:128:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:128:in `rescue in require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39:in `require'
    from extconf.rb:395:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out

我在互联网上搜索了答案，但没有找到类似的答案。我试图安装libssl-dev，这是在一种情况下的原因，它什么也没做。另一个答案说运行rvm requirements 以了解未安装的内容，我也尝试过，但它也不起作用。所以我完全迷路了。 有人知道怎么解决吗？

UPD：我通过gem install nokogiri --use-system-libraries 安装了nokigiri，它安装没有错误，但是在运行Rails 时我仍然面临同样的错误，如下所示：

serge1peshcoff@myLaptop:/all/Documents/Programming/rails$ rails
/home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/x86_64-linux/digest/md5.so: undefined symbol: rb_Digest_MD5_Init - /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/x86_64-linux/digest/md5.so (LoadError)
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/generators/app_base.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/commands/application.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/cli.rb:14:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/bin/rails:23:in `load'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
    from /home/serge1peshcoff/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'

Answer 1

这与this question 中报告的nokogiri 问题有关

编译它需要一些额外的 linux 库。

Answer 2

我用这个命令解决了：

sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev

我在 nokogiri 官方网站上找到了它： https://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html#linux-usrbinld-cannot-find-lgmp