rails generate model：不兼容的库版本错误

【问题标题】：rails generate model : incompatible library version errorrails generate model：不兼容的库版本错误
【发布时间】：2016-09-03 11:42:32
【问题描述】：

我是 ruby​​ on rails 的新手，在尝试生成模型时遇到错误。 我在终端上写了这个命令：

rails generate model Book

我得到了这个错误：

/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.14/lib/ffi.rb:6:in `require': incompatible library version - /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.14/lib/ffi_c.so (LoadError)
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.14/lib/ffi.rb:6:in `rescue in <top (required)>'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.14/lib/ffi.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.7/lib/rb-inotify/native.rb:1:in `require'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.7/lib/rb-inotify/native.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.7/lib/rb-inotify.rb:1:in `require'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.7/lib/rb-inotify.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/linux.rb:30:in `require'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/linux.rb:30:in `_configure'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:45:in `block in configure'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:40:in `each'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:40:in `configure'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:63:in `start'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/backend.rb:28:in `start'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/listener.rb:67:in `block in <class:Listener>'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/fsm.rb:120:in `instance_eval'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/fsm.rb:120:in `call'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/fsm.rb:91:in `transition_with_callbacks!'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/fsm.rb:57:in `transition'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/listen-3.0.8/lib/listen/listener.rb:90:in `start'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-watcher-listen-2.0.0/lib/spring/watcher/listen.rb:27:in `start'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:70:in `start_watcher'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:79:in `preload'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:143:in `serve'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:131:in `block in run'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:125:in `loop'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application.rb:125:in `run'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/spring-1.7.2/lib/spring/application/boot.rb:19:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/pearlstud/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /home/pearlstud/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from -e:1:in `<main>'

我尝试在我的 gemfile 中添加“therubyracer”然后运行，

bundle install

但即使这样也无济于事。
我的 Rails 版本是“Rails 5.0.0.1”。

Gemfile的内容如下：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 5.0.0', '>= 5.0.0.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'
# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 3.0'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more:    https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 3.0'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
gem 'therubyracer'
# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development

group :development, :test do
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug', platform: :mri
end

group :development do
# Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
gem 'web-console'
gem 'listen', '~> 3.0.5'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

Gemfile.lock 的内容如下：

    remote: https://rubygems.org/
  specs:
    actioncable (5.0.0.1)
      actionpack (= 5.0.0.1)
      nio4r (~> 1.2)
      websocket-driver (~> 0.6.1)
    actionmailer (5.0.0.1)
      actionpack (= 5.0.0.1)
      actionview (= 5.0.0.1)
      activejob (= 5.0.0.1)
      mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
    actionpack (5.0.0.1)
      actionview (= 5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      rack (~> 2.0)
      rack-test (~> 0.6.3)
      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
    actionview (5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      builder (~> 3.1)
      erubis (~> 2.7.0)
      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
    activejob (5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      globalid (>= 0.3.6)
    activemodel (5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
    activerecord (5.0.0.1)
      activemodel (= 5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      arel (~> 7.0)
    activesupport (5.0.0.1)
      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
      i18n (~> 0.7)
      minitest (~> 5.1)
      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
    arel (7.1.1)
    builder (3.2.2)
    byebug (9.0.5)
    coffee-rails (4.2.1)
      coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
      railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.2.x)
    coffee-script (2.4.1)
      coffee-script-source
      execjs
    coffee-script-source (1.10.0)
    concurrent-ruby (1.0.2)
    debug_inspector (0.0.2)
    erubis (2.7.0)
    execjs (2.7.0)
    ffi (1.9.14)
    globalid (0.3.7)
      activesupport (>= 4.1.0)
    i18n (0.7.0)
    jbuilder (2.6.0)
      activesupport (>= 3.0.0, < 5.1)
      multi_json (~> 1.2)
    jquery-rails (4.2.1)
      rails-dom-testing (>= 1, < 3)
      railties (>= 4.2.0)
      thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
    libv8 (3.16.14.15)
    listen (3.0.8)
      rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
    loofah (2.0.3)
      nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
    mail (2.6.4)
      mime-types (>= 1.16, < 4)
    method_source (0.8.2)
    mime-types (3.1)
      mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
    mime-types-data (3.2016.0521)
    mini_portile2 (2.1.0)
    minitest (5.9.0)
    multi_json (1.12.1)
    nio4r (1.2.1)
    nokogiri (1.6.8)
      mini_portile2 (~> 2.1.0)
      pkg-config (~> 1.1.7)
    pkg-config (1.1.7)
    puma (3.6.0)
    rack (2.0.1)
    rack-test (0.6.3)
      rack (>= 1.0)
    rails (5.0.0.1)
      actioncable (= 5.0.0.1)
      actionmailer (= 5.0.0.1)
      actionpack (= 5.0.0.1)
      actionview (= 5.0.0.1)
      activejob (= 5.0.0.1)
      activemodel (= 5.0.0.1)
      activerecord (= 5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
      railties (= 5.0.0.1)
      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0.0)
    rails-dom-testing (2.0.1)
      activesupport (>= 4.2.0, < 6.0)
      nokogiri (~> 1.6.0)
    rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.3)
      loofah (~> 2.0)
    railties (5.0.0.1)
      actionpack (= 5.0.0.1)
      activesupport (= 5.0.0.1)
      method_source
      rake (>= 0.8.7)
      thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
    rake (11.2.2)
    rb-fsevent (0.9.7)
    rb-inotify (0.9.7)
      ffi (>= 0.5.0)
    ref (2.0.0)
    sass (3.4.22)
    sass-rails (5.0.6)
      railties (>= 4.0.0, < 6)
      sass (~> 3.1)
      sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
      tilt (>= 1.1, < 3)
    spring (1.7.2)
    spring-watcher-listen (2.0.0)
      listen (>= 2.7, < 4.0)
      spring (~> 1.2)
    sprockets (3.7.0)
      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
      rack (> 1, < 3)
    sprockets-rails (3.2.0)
      actionpack (>= 4.0)
      activesupport (>= 4.0)
      sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
    sqlite3 (1.3.11)
    therubyracer (0.12.2)
      libv8 (~> 3.16.14.0)
      ref
    thor (0.19.1)
    thread_safe (0.3.5)
    tilt (2.0.5)
    turbolinks (5.0.1)
      turbolinks-source (~> 5)
    turbolinks-source (5.0.0)
    tzinfo (1.2.2)
      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
    uglifier (3.0.2)
      execjs (>= 0.3.0, < 3)
    web-console (3.3.1)
      actionview (>= 5.0)
      activemodel (>= 5.0)
      debug_inspector
      railties (>= 5.0)
    websocket-driver (0.6.4)
      websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0)
    websocket-extensions (0.1.2)

PLATFORMS
  ruby

DEPENDENCIES
  byebug
  coffee-rails (~> 4.2)
  jbuilder (~> 2.5)
  jquery-rails
  listen (~> 3.0.5)
  puma (~> 3.0)
  rails (~> 5.0.0, >= 5.0.0.1)
  sass-rails (~> 5.0)
  spring
  spring-watcher-listen (~> 2.0.0)
  sqlite3
  therubyracer
  turbolinks (~> 5)
  tzinfo-data
  uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
  web-console

BUNDLED WITH
   1.12.5

【问题讨论】：

  • 您的错误消息表明您正在使用 rbenv 进行 ruby​​ 版本管理，但是您的 gem 是从 /var/lib/gems 而不是 /home/pearlstud/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems 加载的。也许问题就在这里。
  • 另一个可能的罪魁祸首是libffi，请检查您是否拥有最新版本。更新它，然后删除 ffi gem 然后重新安装。
  • @Loqman，你说得对“你的 gem 是从 /var/lib/gems 而不是 /home/pearlstud/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3 加载的。 0/rubygem 可能问题就出在这里。”我使用 synaptic 删除了 /var/lib/gems 并使用 rbenv 重新安装了 rails 并且它起作用了，谢谢。

标签： mysql ruby-on-rails ruby rubygems


【解决方案1】：

尝试gem pristine --all然后rails生成模型书

【讨论】：

  • 我试过这个并没有解决问题。我实际上在生成模型和 ffi 时遇到了同样的问题
【解决方案2】：

此错误可能是系统中安装的库版本较旧。

首先使用gem 命令安装ffi：

gem install ffi

然后做

bundle update

【讨论】：

  • 不，它没有帮助。我仍然遇到同样的错误。
  • 你能把你的Gemfile和Gemfile.lock文件放在这里吗？这种情况是仅在这个项目中发生还是在您的所有项目中发生？
  • 对于 Jekyll 静态站点生成器，我遇到了同样的错误，首先 gem install 修复了它。
【解决方案3】：

我在不同的路径中安装了两个版本的 gem：

/var/lib/gems

和

~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems

于是我把“/var/lib/gems”和reinstalled rails using rbenv对应的gems包去掉，问题就解决了

【讨论】：

    【解决方案4】：

    我的问题及其解决方案都很简单：我未能在项目目录中实现 .ruby-gemset 和 .ruby-version。 （也就是说我很久以前做过……但显然这些文件没有与我的项目一起备份，也没有被继承。）

    添加这些文件立即解决了问题：

    .ruby-gemset

    rails5

    .ruby 版本

    ruby-2.6.2 (or whatever your version is)

    仅此而已。我运行 rvm。请注意，您的 rails 版本和 ruby​​ 版本可能不同......但您可以在它们的目录中找到您的 gemset。您需要哪个非常明显。

    您可以通过以下方式找到您的 Ruby 版本：

    ruby --version

    这对我认识的每个人都没有帮助。但我希望它可以帮助某人。 （至少 rvm 用户）

    【讨论】：

      猜你喜欢
      • 2016-08-26
      • 1970-01-01
      • 1970-01-01
      • 2011-06-26
      • 1970-01-01
      • 2020-06-23
      • 2016-10-12
      • 2022-08-14
      • 2012-06-23
      相关资源
      最近更新 更多
      热门标签
      Java Python linux javascript Mysql C# Docker 算法 前端 SpringBoot Redis Vue spring 设计模式 .net core .net kubernetes c++ 数据库 数据结构 大数据 js 机器学习 微服务 Android Go 程序员 面试 JVM ASP.net core 云原生 人工智能 后端 PHP git CSS golang k8s Nginx Django mybatis 深度学习 多线程 React 架构 devops 爬虫 云计算 Spring Boot LeetCode