bson_ext gem 安装在 macOS 上失败答案

【问题标题】：bson_ext gem install fails on macOSbson_ext gem 安装在 macOS 上失败
【发布时间】：2020-10-01 09:38:01
【问题描述】：

我坚持使用 1.5.1 版本安装 bson_ext gem。我已经尝试了几乎所有我在网上找到的东西，但没有任何帮助。我尝试重新安装ruby、rvm等。

我正在使用：

RVM
MacOs Catalina 10.15.6
红宝石 2.6.5

捆绑安装后，我得到这样的日志：

Fetching bson_ext 1.5.1
Installing bson_ext 1.5.1 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/bson_ext-1.5.1/ext/cbson
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby -I /Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20201001-15946-1sze5ll.rb extconf.rb
checking for asprintf()... yes
checking for ruby/st.h... yes
checking for ruby/regex.h... yes
checking for ruby/encoding.h... yes
creating Makefile

current directory: /Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/bson_ext-1.5.1/ext/cbson
make "DESTDIR=" clean

current directory: /Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/bson_ext-1.5.1/ext/cbson
make "DESTDIR="
compiling bson_buffer.c
compiling cbson.c
cbson.c:118:36: warning: passing 'char *' to parameter of type 'const unsigned char *' converts between pointers to integer types with different sign [-Wpointer-sign]
    result_t status = check_string(RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string),
                                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:1003:5: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_PTR'
    (!(RBASIC(str)->flags & RSTRING_NOEMBED) ? \
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
./encoding_helpers.h:26:44: note: passing argument to parameter 'string' here
result_t check_string(const unsigned char* string, const int length,
                                           ^
cbson.c:118:57: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    result_t status = check_string(RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string),
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:1000:6: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_LEN'
     RSTRING_EMBED_LEN(str) : \
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:996:6: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_EMBED_LEN'
     (long)((RBASIC(str)->flags >> RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT) & \
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cbson.c:118:57: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    result_t status = check_string(RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string),
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:1001:28: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_LEN'
     RSTRING(str)->as.heap.len)
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
cbson.c:128:45: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:1000:6: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_LEN'
     RSTRING_EMBED_LEN(str) : \
     ^
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:996:6: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_EMBED_LEN'
     (long)((RBASIC(str)->flags >> RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT) & \
     ^
cbson.c:68:46: note: expanded from macro 'SAFE_WRITE'
    if (bson_buffer_write((buffer), (data), (size)) != 0)                    \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                    ^~~~
cbson.c:128:45: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/lukasz/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:1001:28: note: expanded from macro 'RSTRING_LEN'
     RSTRING(str)->as.heap.len)
                           ^
cbson.c:68:46: note: expanded from macro 'SAFE_WRITE'
    if (bson_buffer_write((buffer), (data), (size)) != 0)                    \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                    ^~~~
cbson.c:303:20: warning: unused variable 'values' [-Wunused-variable]
            VALUE* values;
                   ^
cbson.c:602:18: error: implicit declaration of function 'bson_buffer_get_max_size' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    if (length > bson_buffer_get_max_size(buffer)) {
                 ^
cbson.c:602:18: note: did you mean 'bson_buffer_set_max_size'?
./bson_buffer.h:34:6: note: 'bson_buffer_set_max_size' declared here
void bson_buffer_set_max_size(bson_buffer_t buffer, int max_size);
     ^
6 warnings and 1 error generated.
make: *** [cbson.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/bson_ext-1.5.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/extensions/x86_64-darwin-19/2.6.0/bson_ext-1.5.1/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing bson_ext (1.5.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install bson_ext -v '1.5.1' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.

In Gemfile:
  bson_ext

有人知道我还能尝试什么吗？此外，我可以说 bson_ext 与 1.9.1 等其他版本安装成功。但在这个项目中我必须使用 1.5.1。

【问题讨论】：

您是否尝试按照以下输出中的建议运行单独的 gem install 命令？ gem install bson_ext -v '1.5.1' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'。有时它可能会给你一些额外的背景。

标签： ruby-on-rails macos rubygems bson bson-ext

【解决方案1】：

我找到了一个更好的解决方案，当你安装 gem 时在最后添加这个

-- --with-cflags="-Wno-error=implicit-function-declaration"

【讨论】：

这里是完整的命令：gem install bson_ext -v '1.5.1' --source 'https://rubygems.org/' -- --with-cflags="-Wno-error=implicit-function-declaration"

【解决方案2】：

这在 MacOS 11.2 上对我有用。

gem install bson_ext -v '1.5.1' --source 'https://rubygems.org/' -- --with-cflags="-Wno-error=implicit-function-declaration"

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

1.5.1 已经 9 岁了，所以没有理由相信它应该可以工作。而且，事实上，它也因同样的错误而失败（Big Sur / 2.7.1 和 2.8.0）。

话虽如此，如果你 100% 坚持这样做，并且没有其他选择，例如更换雇主和/或有前途的软件考古学职业可以依靠，试试这个：

转到错误消息中指示的文件夹/Users/lukasz/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/bson_ext-1.5.1 for inspection.

从那里转到ext/cbson 并编辑文件bson_buffer.h。

您需要在文件顶部附近插入一行：

/* A buffer */
typedef struct bson_buffer* bson_buffer_t;
/* A position in the buffer */
typedef int bson_buffer_position;

/***** THE FOLLOWING IS THE LINE YOU NEED TO INSERT ****/
int bson_buffer_get_max_size(bson_buffer_t buffer); 

 /* Allocate and return a new buffer.
 * Return NULL on allocation failure. */
bson_buffer_t bson_buffer_new(void);

在该文件夹中运行 make。它应该只需要一些警告。

之后，您仍然需要安装它。检查gem help install 以获取有关该过程的详细信息。这是按照它的指示进行的：

@ in bson_ext-1.5.1 $ gem spec ../../cache/bson_ext-1.5.1.gem --ruby > ../../specifications/bson_ext-1.5.1.gemspec

而且，确实：

@ in bson_ext-1.5.1 $ gem list bson_ext
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bson_ext (1.5.1)

请注意，这又是在“原始”文件夹中。

即使在那之后，只做 requite 'bson_ext' 对我也不起作用，并且 require 'bson' 抱怨它丢失了。根据该错误消息，您可能会通过移动成功——我想在这里非常具体——something，somewhere。不保证这会真正起作用。应该不会吧。

【讨论】：

很好的修复，我的规范文件夹中没有 gemspec 文件。我添加了名为 bson_ext-1.5.1.gemspec 的广告空文件，然后运行命令：$ gem spec ../../cache/bson_ext-1.5.1.gem --ruby > ../../specifications/bson_ext-1.5.1.gemspec

【解决方案4】：

安装 1.3.1 版本对我有用

【讨论】：

我明白，但我不能在这个项目中更改版本，我有义务使用 1.5.1

【解决方案5】：

您确定确实需要该 gem 的那个版本，还是只是您的项目中默认需要的版本？如果没有，您可以在 Gemfile 中明确设置 gem 的最新/已安装版本，例如：

gem list bson_ext                                                                         

*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bson_ext (1.12.5)

# Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'bcrypt'
gem 'bson_ext', '~> 1.12.5'

这在 MacOS BigSur 下对我有效，默认情况下，bundle install 尝试安装 bson_ext -v '1.5.1'，并退出时出现如下错误：

     RSTRING(str)->as.heap.len)
                           ^
cbson.c:68:46: note: expanded from macro 'SAFE_WRITE'
    if (bson_buffer_write((buffer), (data), (size)) != 0)                    \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                    ^~~~
cbson.c:303:20: warning: unused variable 'values' [-Wunused-variable]
            VALUE* values;
                   ^
cbson.c:602:18: error: implicit declaration of function 'bson_buffer_get_max_size' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    if (length > bson_buffer_get_max_size(buffer)) {
                 ^
cbson.c:602:18: note: did you mean 'bson_buffer_set_max_size'?
./bson_buffer.h:34:6: note: 'bson_buffer_set_max_size' declared here
void bson_buffer_set_max_size(bson_buffer_t buffer, int max_size);
     ^
6 warnings and 1 error generated.
make: *** [cbson.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

【讨论】：