如何判断一个句子是否是疑问句（疑问句）？

Question

是否有用于查找特定文本是否是问题的开源 Java 库/算法？
我正在开发一个问答系统，该系统需要分析用户输入的文本是否是问题。
我认为这个问题可能可以通过使用开源 NLP 库来解决，但它显然比简单的词性标记更复杂。因此，如果有人可以通过使用现有的开源 NLP 库来告诉算法，那也很好。
如果您知道使用数据挖掘来解决此问题的库/工具包，也请告诉我。虽然很难获得足够的数据用于训练目的，但我将能够使用堆栈交换数据进行训练。

Answer 1

看看Link Grammar Parser是一个基于句子中相关词链接对概念的多语言解析器。它是用 C 编写的，但也有一个 Java JNI 接口。

Answer 2

在一个问题的句法分析中，正确的结构将是：

(SBARQ (WH+ (W+) ...)
       (SQ ...*
           (V+) ...*)
       (?))

因此，使用任何可用的句法解析器，具有嵌入 SQ（可选）的 SBARQ 节点的树将指示输入是问题。 WH+ 节点（WHNP/WHADVP/WHADJP）包含问题词干（who/what/when/where/why/how），SQ 包含倒置短语。

即：

(SBARQ 
  (WHNP 
    (WP What)) 
  (SQ 
    (VBZ is) 
    (NP 
      (DT the) 
      (NN question)))
  (. ?))

当然，有很多前面的子句会导致解析中的错误（可以解决），写得不好的问题也会如此。例如，这篇文章的标题“如何判断一个句子是否是一个问题？”会有一个 SBARQ，但没有一个 SQ。

Answer 3

许多 quasi-questions/requests-for-info 以语句的语法形式提出；例如“我想知道是谁偷了我的自行车”。

我将放弃所有希望确定从其结构中用户的输入是否是一个问题，并且简单地假设它是一个问题，除非它明确地不是一个问题。您可以采用迭代的交互式方法，以便系统可以改进其对用户输入的“理解”：

     User: I would like to know how many angels fit on the head of a pin. 
     System: Do you have a question about angels?
     User: Yes.          
     System: Do you want to know if angels are fit?
     User: No.
     System: Do you want to know if angels have heads?
     User: Possibly.         
     System: Do you want to know if angels have pins?
     User: No.         
     System: Do you want to know if angels are numerous?
     User: No.
     System: Do you want to know the dimensions of an angel?
     User: Yes.
     System: Do you mean angels in paintings?
     User: No.
     System: Do you mean angels in myth and religious writing?
     User: Yes.
     System: Angels are metaphysical beings.


     User: I hear that Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. Is that true?
     System: Do you have a question about hearing?
     User: No.
     System: Do you have a question about Pennsylvania?
     User: Yes.         
     System: Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn.
     User: When?         
     System: 1682.
     User: What does the name mean?
     System: What name?
     User: Pennsylvania!
     System: Do you want to know the meaning of Pennsylvania?
     User: Yes.
     System: Pennsylvania means Penn's Woods.