在 Ruby 编程语言中，$ 的名称是什么：

Question

我想了解更多关于$: 的信息，但我不知道怎么称呼。

:015 > $:
=> ["/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/x86_64-darwin11.1.0", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/site_ruby", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/1.9.1", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/1.9.1/x86_64-darwin11.1.0", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/1.9.1", 
 "/Users/Nerian/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-rc1/lib/ruby/1.9.1/x86_64-darwin11.1.0"]

• 这个叫什么名字？
• 如何以及何时使用？
• 到底应该使用它，它是好做法还是坏做法？
• 所有 Ruby 实现都支持它吗？
• 有关于它的文档吗？

Answer 1

Ruby 有一些预定义的变量

Pre-defined variables
$!         The exception information message set by 'raise'.
$@         Array of backtrace of the last exception thrown.
$&         The string matched by the last successful match.
$`         The string to the left  of the last successful match.
$'         The string to the right of the last successful match.
$+         The highest group matched by the last successful match.
$1         The Nth group of the last successful match. May be > 1.
$~         The information about the last match in the current scope.
$=         The flag for case insensitive, nil by default.
$/         The input record separator, newline by default.
$\         The output record separator for the print and IO#write. Default is nil.
$,         The output field separator for the print and Array#join.
$;         The default separator for String#split.
$.         The current input line number of the last file that was read.
$<         The virtual concatenation file of the files given on command line (or from $stdin if no files were given).
$>         The default output for print, printf. $stdout by default.
$_         The last input line of string by gets or readline.
$0         Contains the name of the script being executed. May be assignable.
$*         Command line arguments given for the script sans args.
$$         The process number of the Ruby running this script.
$?         The status of the last executed child process.
$:         Load path for scripts and binary modules by load or require.
$"         The array contains the module names loaded by require.
$DEBUG     The status of the -d switch.
$FILENAME  Current input file from $<. Same as $<.filename.
$LOAD_PATH The alias to the $:.
$stderr    The current standard error output.
$stdin     The current standard input.
$stdout    The current standard output.
$VERBOSE   The verbose flag, which is set by the -v switch.
$-0        The alias to $/.
$-a        True if option -a is set. Read-only variable.
$-d        The alias to $DEBUG.
$-F        The alias to $;.
$-i        In in-place-edit mode, this variable holds the extension, otherwise nil.
$-I        The alias to $:.
$-l        True if option -l is set. Read-only variable.
$-p        True if option -p is set. Read-only variable.
$-v        The alias to $VERBOSE.
$-w        True if option -w is set.

http://www.zenspider.com/Languages/Ruby/QuickRef.html

Answer 2

• $: 全局的规范（英文）名称是 $LOAD_PATH。
• 顾名思义，它是一个库搜索路径数组，即表示解释器将在其中搜索库的所有文件夹的字符串数组（当遇到require "mylibrary" 指令时）
• 可以像处理全局变量一样谨慎使用它。实际上，它经常在编写包含在 gems 或库中的测试或演示脚本时使用，以便测试修改加载路径以便在安装之前找到被测库（例如$: << "../lib" 假设该脚本位于lib 的同级中）
• 所有规范的 Ruby 版本/实现都使用它。请注意，当前目录 . 在 1.8.x 上是 $: 的一部分，并且出于安全原因在 1.9.x 上已被删除。
• 每个 Ruby 入门（picaxe 书籍、ruby 文档网站）都提供文档。

Answer 3

相当于$LOAD_PATH。所以我想你可以称之为“加载路径”。谷歌ruby load_path，你会发现很多有用的信息。

我个人更喜欢阅读$LOAD_PATH，但$: 是语言的一部分，所以我想使用它是可以的。