如何将 .dcm 文件转换为 pdf 文件？

Question

为了转换 pdf 文件，我使用了 pdf2dcm.java 类。但是，现在我需要将 dicom 文件转换为 pdf 才能阅读文档的内容。怎么做？是否有任何java类能够做到这一点？

Answer 1

Dcm4che 有您想要的。请看https://sourceforge.net/projects/dcm4che/

Answer 2

首先您可以将 DCM 转换为 jpg，然后将 JPG 转换为 PDF

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class DCM2JPG_Convert {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       try{
            File src = new File("d:\\CHESTP.dcm");
            File dest = new File("d:\\CHEST_PA12.jpg");           
            Dcm2Jpeg dcm2jpg= new Dcm2Jpeg();           
            dcm2jpg.convert(src, dest);         
            System.out.println("Completed");
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}


import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;

import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.cli.GnuParser;
import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
import org.apache.commons.cli.OptionBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
import org.dcm4che2.data.DicomObject;
import org.dcm4che2.imageio.plugins.dcm.DicomImageReadParam;
import org.dcm4che2.io.DicomInputStream;
import org.dcm4che2.util.CloseUtils;

import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;


public class Dcm2Jpeg {

    private static final String USAGE =
        "dcm2jpg [Options] <dcmfile> <jpegfile>\n" +
        "or dcm2jpg [Options] <dcmfile>... <outdir>\n" +
        "or dcm2jpg [Options] <indir>... <outdir>";
    private static final String DESCRIPTION = 
        "Convert DICOM image(s) to JPEG(s)\nOptions:";
    private static final String EXAMPLE = null;
    private int frame = 1;
    private float center;
    private float width;
    private String vlutFct;
    private boolean autoWindowing;
    private DicomObject prState;
    private short[] pval2gray;
    private String fileExt = ".jpg";

    private void setFrameNumber(int frame) {
        this.frame = frame;
    }

    private void setWindowCenter(float center) {
        this.center = center;        
    }

    private void setWindowWidth(float width) {
        this.width = width;       
    }

    public final void setVoiLutFunction(String vlutFct) {
        this.vlutFct = vlutFct;
    }    

    private final void setAutoWindowing(boolean autoWindowing) {
        this.autoWindowing = autoWindowing;
    }

    private final void setPresentationState(DicomObject prState) {
        this.prState = prState;        
    }

    private final void setPValue2Gray(short[] pval2gray) {
        this.pval2gray = pval2gray;
    }

    public final void setFileExt(String fileExt) {
        this.fileExt = fileExt;
    }

    public void convert(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
        Iterator<ImageReader> iter = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName("DICOM");
        ImageReader reader = iter.next();
        DicomImageReadParam param = 
            (DicomImageReadParam) reader.getDefaultReadParam();
        param.setWindowCenter(center);
        param.setWindowWidth(width);
        param.setVoiLutFunction(vlutFct);
        param.setPresentationState(prState);
        param.setPValue2Gray(pval2gray);
        param.setAutoWindowing(autoWindowing);
        ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(src);
        BufferedImage bi;
        OutputStream out = null;
        try {
            reader.setInput(iis, false);
            bi = reader.read(frame - 1, param);
            if (bi == null) {
                System.out.println("\nError: " + src + " - couldn't read!");
                return;
            }
            out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dest));
            JPEGImageEncoder enc = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
            enc.encode(bi);
        } finally {
            CloseUtils.safeClose(iis);
            CloseUtils.safeClose(out);
        }
        //System.out.print('.');
    }

    public int mconvert(List<String> args, int optind, File destDir)
            throws IOException {
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = optind, n = args.size() - 1; i < n; ++i) {
            File src = new File(args.get(i));
            count += mconvert(src, new File(destDir, src2dest(src)));
        }
        return count;
    }

    private String src2dest(File src) {
        String srcname = src.getName();
        return src.isFile() ? srcname + this.fileExt : srcname;
    }

    public int mconvert(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
        if (!src.exists()) {
            System.err.println("WARNING: No such file or directory: " + src
                    + " - skipped.");                
            return 0;
        }
        if (src.isFile()) {
            try {
                convert(src, dest);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println("WARNING: Failed to convert " + src + ":");
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
                System.out.print('F');
                return 0;
            }
            System.out.print('.');
            return 1;
        }
        File[] files = src.listFiles();
        if (files.length > 0 && !dest.exists()) {
            dest.mkdirs();
        }
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; ++i) {
            count += mconvert(files[i], new File(dest, src2dest(files[i])));
        }
        return count;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        CommandLine cl = parse(args);
        Dcm2Jpeg dcm2jpg = new Dcm2Jpeg();
        if (cl.hasOption("f")) {
            dcm2jpg.setFrameNumber(
                    parseInt(cl.getOptionValue("f"),
                            "illegal argument of option -f",
                            1, Integer.MAX_VALUE));
        }
        if (cl.hasOption("p")) {
            dcm2jpg.setPresentationState(loadDicomObject(
                    new File(cl.getOptionValue("p"))));
        }
        if (cl.hasOption("pv2gray")) {
            dcm2jpg.setPValue2Gray(loadPVal2Gray(
                    new File(cl.getOptionValue("pv2gray"))));
        }        
        if (cl.hasOption("c")) {
            dcm2jpg.setWindowCenter(
                    parseFloat(cl.getOptionValue("c"),
                            "illegal argument of option -c"));
        }
        if (cl.hasOption("w")) {
            dcm2jpg.setWindowWidth(
                    parseFloat(cl.getOptionValue("w"),
                            "illegal argument of option -w"));
        }
        if (cl.hasOption("sigmoid")) {
            dcm2jpg.setVoiLutFunction(DicomImageReadParam.SIGMOID);
        }
        dcm2jpg.setAutoWindowing(!cl.hasOption("noauto"));
        if (cl.hasOption("jpgext")) {
            dcm2jpg.setFileExt(cl.getOptionValue("jpgext"));
        }
        final List<String> argList = cl.getArgList();
        int argc = argList.size();

        File dest = new File(argList.get(argc-1));
        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int count = 1;
        if (dest.isDirectory()) {
            count = dcm2jpg.mconvert(argList, 0, dest);
        } else {
            File src = new File(argList.get(0));
            if (argc > 2 || src.isDirectory()) {
                exit("dcm2jpg: when converting several files, "
                        + "last argument must be a directory\n");
            }
            dcm2jpg.convert(src, dest);
        }
        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("\nconverted " + count + " files in " + (t2 - t1)
                / 1000f + " s.");
    }

    private static DicomObject loadDicomObject(File file) {
        DicomInputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = new DicomInputStream(file);
            return in.readDicomObject();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            exit(e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException();
        } finally {
            CloseUtils.safeClose(in);
        }
}

private static short[] loadPVal2Gray(File file) {
        BufferedReader r = null;
        try {
            r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(
                    file)));
            short[] pval2gray = new short[256];
            int n = 0;
            String line;
            while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) {
                try {
                    int val = Integer.parseInt(line.trim());
                    if (n == pval2gray.length) {
                        if (n == 0x10000) {
                            exit("Number of entries in " + file + " > 2^16");
                        }
                        short[] tmp = pval2gray;
                        pval2gray = new short[n << 1];
                        System.arraycopy(tmp, 0, pval2gray, 0, n);
                    }
                    pval2gray[n++] = (short) val;
                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // ignore lines where Integer.parseInt fails
                }
            }
            if (n != pval2gray.length) {
                exit("Number of entries in " + file + ": " + n
                        + " != 2^[8..16]");
            }
            return pval2gray;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            exit(e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException();
        } finally {
            CloseUtils.safeClose(r);
        }
    }

private static CommandLine parse(String[] args) {
        Options opts = new Options();
        OptionBuilder.withArgName("frame");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
                "frame to convert, 1 (= first frame) by default");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("f"));
        OptionBuilder.withArgName("prfile");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
                "file path of presentation state to apply");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("p"));
        OptionBuilder.withArgName("center");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription("Window Center");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("c"));
        OptionBuilder.withArgName("width");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription("Window Width");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("w"));
        opts.addOption("sigmoid", false,
                "apply sigmoid VOI LUT function with given Window Center/Width");
        opts.addOption("noauto", false,
                "disable auto-windowing for images w/o VOI attributes");
        OptionBuilder.withArgName("file");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
                "file path of P-Value to gray value map");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("pv2gray"));
        OptionBuilder.withArgName(".xxx");
        OptionBuilder.hasArg();
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
                "jpeg file extension used with destination directory argument,"
                + " default: '.jpg'.");
        opts.addOption(OptionBuilder.create("jpgext"));
        opts.addOption("h", "help", false, "print this message");
        opts.addOption("V", "version", false,
                "print the version information and exit");
        CommandLine cl = null;
        try {
            cl = new GnuParser().parse(opts, args);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            exit("dcm2jpg: " + e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("unreachable");
        }
        if (cl.hasOption('V')) {
            Package p = Dcm2Jpeg.class.getPackage();
            System.out.println("dcm2jpg v" + p.getImplementationVersion());
            System.exit(0);
        }
        if (cl.hasOption('h') || cl.getArgList().size() < 2) {
            HelpFormatter formatter = new HelpFormatter();
            formatter.printHelp(USAGE, DESCRIPTION, opts, EXAMPLE);
            System.exit(0);
        }
        return cl;
    }

private static int parseInt(String s, String errPrompt, int min, int max) {
        try {
            int i = Integer.parseInt(s);
            if (i >= min && i <= max)
                return i;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            // parameter is not a valid integer; fall through to exit
        }
        exit(errPrompt);
        throw new RuntimeException();
}

private static float parseFloat(String s, String errPrompt) {
        try {
            return Float.parseFloat(s);
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            exit(errPrompt);
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
 }

  private static void exit(String msg) {
        System.err.println(msg);
        System.err.println("Try 'dcm2jpg -h' for more information.");
        System.exit(1);
    }

}

这是将jpg转pdf的源代码

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JFileChooser;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileNameExtensionFilter;

import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
import com.itextpdf.text.Element;
import com.itextpdf.text.Image;
import com.itextpdf.text.PageSize;
import com.itextpdf.text.Rectangle;
import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;

public class JPGToPDFConverter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        selectImage();
    }

    // allow images selection for converting
    public static void selectImage() {

        JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
        FileNameExtensionFilter filter = new FileNameExtensionFilter("Images",
                "jpg", "gif", "png", "bmp");
        chooser.setFileFilter(filter);
        chooser.setMultiSelectionEnabled(true);
        int returnVal = chooser.showOpenDialog(null);
        if (returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            File[] Files = chooser.getSelectedFiles();
            System.out.println("Please wait...");
            for (int i = 0; i < Files.length; i++) {
                convertJPGToPDF(Files[i].toString(), "pdfimage" + i + ".pdf");
            }
            System.out.println("Conversion complete");
        }
    }

    public static void convertJPGToPDF(String strimg, String desc) {
        try {
            // create document object
            Document doc = new Document();
            // create pdf writer object to write the document to the output file
            PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, new FileOutputStream(desc));
            // get a4 paper size
            Rectangle r = PageSize.A4;
            // read the image
            BufferedImage orImg = ImageIO.read(new File(strimg));
            // initialize image width and height
            int width = orImg.getWidth();
            int height = orImg.getHeight();
            // resize the image that is bigger than A4 size
            if (width > r.getWidth())
                width = (int) r.getWidth();
            if (height > r.getHeight())
                height = (int) r.getHeight();
            // create a blank buffered image
            BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            // create graphic2d object from the buffered image
            Graphics2D g2d = bi.createGraphics();
            // draw the original image on the buffered image
            // so the image is resized to fit the A4 paper size if it is bigger
            // than A4 size
            g2d.drawImage(orImg, 0, 0, width, height, null);
            // store the image data in memory
            ByteArrayOutputStream bas = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(bi, "png", bas);
            // create image from the image data stored in memory
            Image img = Image.getInstance(bas.toByteArray());
            // centrally align the image on the pdf page
            img.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);
            // open document
            doc.open();
            // add image to the document
            doc.add(img);
            // close the document
            doc.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

jpg转pdf的转换代码需要下载this jar file iTextPDF

Answer 3

使用 dcm4che (the updated re-written one) 和 itext 库将 dicom 文件的页面转换为 pdf 的简化解决方案。

public void convert(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream, String fileName) throws Exception {
    Iterator<ImageReader> iter = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName("DICOM");
    ImageReader reader = iter.next();
    reader.setInput(inStream);

    Document document = new Document();
    Rectangle pageSize = PageSize.LETTER;
    document.setPageSize(pageSize);
    document.setMargins(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
    PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, outStream);
    document.open();

    int pageNum = 0;
    boolean finished = false;
    while (!finished) {
        try {
            // read each dicom page as an image
            BufferedImage bi = reader.read(pageNum);
            if (bi == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't read " + fileName);
            }

            PdfContentByte pdfCB = new PdfContentByte(writer);
            Image image = Image.getInstance(pdfCB, bi, 1);

            // scale the image down to fit on the page width-wise
            if (image.getWidth() > pageSize.getWidth() || image.getHeight() > pageSize.getHeight()) {
                image.scaleToFit(pageSize);
            }

            // align to the middle horizontally
            image.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

            document.add(image);

        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ioobe) {
            finished = true;
        }
        pageNum += 1;
    }

    document.close();

}