文件打开、文件读取、文件写入

Question

如何正确使用 FileRead、FileWrite、缓冲区（或 TFileStream）。

我需要将整个文本文件读入一个字符串，然后将一个字符串写回这个文件（用一个新字符串替换它）。

Answer 1

如果您需要逐行处理文件，

TStringList 就是您想要的。

如果您只想将其视为单个字符串 blob，则可以使用 TStringStream。

Stream := TStringStream.Create('', TEncoding.UTF8);
Try
  Stream.LoadFromFile('c:\desktop\in.txt');
  ShowMessage(Stream.DataString);

  Stream.Clear;
  Stream.WriteString('Greetings earthlings!');
  Stream.SaveToFile('c:\desktop\out.txt');
Finally
  Stream.Free;
End;

Answer 2

将文件读入字符串的最简单、最简单的方法是使用 TStringList，如下所示：

sl := TStringList.Create;
try
    sl.LoadFromFile('C:\myfile.txt');

    //String can be read and modified using the Text property:
    oldString := sl.Text;
    sl.Text := 'foo bar';

    //Text can be written back to the file using:
    sl.WriteToFile('C:\myfile.txt');
finally
    sl.Free;
end;

正如您在问题下方的 cmets 中所指出的，这最终可能会在您的字符串中转换换行符 - 因此，根据您尝试阅读/执行的操作，您需要注意这一点。

Answer 3

我的一些实用程序（您可以从我的网站下载完整的代码）...

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CsiStrToBytes
//
// Convert pInStr to an array of bytes using the string encoding
// pStringEncoding (one of automatic, Ansi, UTF-16, or UTF-8) and optionally
// include the byte order mark according to the pIncludeBom flag
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function CsiStrToBytes(const pInStr: string;
                       pStringEncoding: TECsiStringEncoding;
                       pIncludeBom: Boolean): TByteDynArray;
var
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
  lStringEncoding: TECsiStringEncoding;
  lStringStream: TStringStream;
  lPreambleBytes: TBytes;
  lStringBytes: TBytes;
  lPreambleLen: Integer;
  lStringLen: Integer;
{$ENDIF}
  lLen: Integer;
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
  lIndex: Integer;
{$ENDIF}
begin
  if pInStr <> '' then begin
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
    if pStringEncoding = seAuto then
      lStringEncoding := CsiGetPreferredEncoding(pInStr)
    else
      lStringEncoding := pStringEncoding;

    // UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoding can be handled by the TStringStream class
    if (lStringEncoding = seUtf8) or (lStringEncoding = seUtf16) then begin
      if lStringEncoding = seUtf8 then
        lStringStream := TStringStream.Create(pInStr, TEncoding.Utf8)
      else
        lStringStream := TStringStream.Create(pInStr, TEncoding.Unicode);
      try
        // add the UTF-8 or UTF-16 byte order mark to the start of the array of
        // bytes if required
        if pIncludeBom then
          lPreambleBytes := lStringStream.Encoding.GetPreamble
        else
          SetLength(lPreambleBytes, 0);
        lStringBytes := lStringStream.Bytes;
        lPreambleLen := Length(lPreambleBytes);
        lStringLen := Length(lStringBytes);
        SetLength(Result, lPreambleLen + lStringLen);
        if lPreambleLen > 0 then
          Move(lPreambleBytes[0], Result[0], lPreambleLen);
        if lStringLen > 0 then
          Move(lStringBytes[0], Result[lPreambleLen], lStringLen);
      finally
        lStringStream.Free;
      end;

    end else begin
{$ENDIF}
      // Ansi encoding must be handled manually
      lLen := Length(pInStr);
      SetLength(Result, lLen);
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
      for lIndex := 1 to lLen do
        Result[lIndex - 1] := Ord(pInStr[lIndex]) and $00ff;
{$ELSE}
      Move(pInStr[1], Result[0], lLen);
{$ENDIF}
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
    end;
{$ENDIF}

  end else
    SetLength(Result, 0);
end;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CsiSaveToFile
//
// Saves pData, an array of bytes, to pFileName
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure CsiSaveToFile(const pData: TByteDynArray; const pFileName: string);
var
  lFileStream: TFileStream;
  lLen: Integer;
begin
  lFileStream := TFileStream.Create(pFileName, fmCreate);
  try
    lLen := Length(pData);
    if lLen > 0 then
      lFileStream.WriteBuffer(pData[0], lLen);
  finally
    lFileStream.Free;
  end;
end;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CsiSaveToFile
//
// Saves pText to pFileName using the string encoding pStringEncoding, which is
// one of automatic, Ansi, UTF-16, or UTF-8
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure CsiSaveToFile(const pText: string; const pFileName: string;
                        pStringEncoding: TECsiStringEncoding);
begin
  CsiSaveToFile(CsiStrToBytes(pText, pStringEncoding), pFileName);
end;

Answer 4

这里有两个函数可以做你想做的事情：

function StringFromFile(const FileName: TFileName): RawByteString;
var F: THandle;
    Size: integer;
begin
  result := '';
  if FileName='' then
    exit;
  F := FileOpen(FileName,fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyNone);
  if PtrInt(F)>=0 then begin
{$ifdef LINUX}
    Size := FileSeek(F,0,soFromEnd);
    FileSeek(F,0,soFromBeginning);
{$else}
    Size := GetFileSize(F,nil);
{$endif}
    SetLength(result,Size);
    if FileRead(F,pointer(Result)^,Size)<>Size then
      result := '';
    FileClose(F);
  end;
end;

function FileFromString(const Content: RawByteString; const FileName: TFileName;
  FlushOnDisk: boolean=false): boolean;
var F: THandle;
    L: integer;
begin
  result := false;
  F := FileCreate(FileName);
  if PtrInt(F)<0 then
    exit;
  if pointer(Content)<>nil then
    L := FileWrite(F,pointer(Content)^,length(Content)) else
    L := 0;
  result := (L=length(Content));
{$ifdef MSWINDOWS}
  if FlushOnDisk then
    FlushFileBuffers(F);
{$endif}
  FileClose(F);
end;

他们使用低级 FileOpen/FIleSeek/FileRead/FileWrite 函数。

您可以指定任何您需要的fmShare* 选项。

它使用RawByteString 类型，因此它希望以面向字节的方式处理文本。它不适用于 Unicode 文本文件，但适用于 Ansi 文本。自 Delphi 2009 以来，如果您想使用字符串类型与之交互，则必须设置适当的代码页。

在 Delphi 2009 之前，只需定义：

type
  RawByteString = AnsiString;

Answer 5

还添加了使用 FileXXX 函数系列的请求示例。 注意使用 RawByteString 和文件 I/O - 它是完全有效的。 另一个注意事项：为了在低级代码中简洁起见，我省略了一些错误检查断言，以便不太可能发生错误。警告购买者！

const
  FileName = 'Unit14.pas';  // this program is a stuntmaster,
                            // reads and writes its own source

procedure TForm14.FormClick(Sender: TObject);
var
  Stream: TFileStream;
  Buffer: RawByteString;
begin
  Stream := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmOpenReadWrite or fmShareExclusive);
  // read entire file into string buffer
  SetLength(Buffer, Stream.Size);
  Stream.ReadBuffer(Buffer[1], Stream.Size);

  // do something with string
  OutputDebugString(PChar(Format('Buffer = "%s"', [Buffer])));

  // prepare to write
  Stream.Position := 0;   // rewind file pointer
  Stream.Size := 0;       // truncate the file

  // write entire string into the file
  Stream.WriteBuffer(Buffer[1], Length(Buffer));

  Stream.Free;
end;

// on right click - do exactly the same but using low-level FileXXX calls
procedure TForm14.FormContextPopup(Sender: TObject; MousePos: TPoint; var
    Handled: Boolean);
var
  Handle: Integer;
  Size: Cardinal;
  Buffer: RawByteString;
  Transferred: Integer;
begin
  Handle := FileOpen(FileName, fmOpenReadWrite or fmShareExclusive);
  Assert(Handle >= 0);

  // read entire file into string buffer
  Size := GetFileSize(Handle, nil);
  Assert(Size <> INVALID_FILE_SIZE);
  SetLength(Buffer, Size);
  Transferred := FileRead(Handle, Buffer[1], Size);
  Assert(not (Transferred < Size));

  // do something with string
  OutputDebugString(PChar(Format('Buffer = "%s"', [Buffer])));

  // prepare to write
  FileSeek(Handle, 0, 0); // rewind file pointer
  SetEndOfFile(Handle);   // truncate the file

  // write entire string into the file
  Transferred := FileWrite(Handle, Buffer[1], Length(Buffer));
  Assert(not (Transferred < Length(Buffer)));

  FileClose(Handle);
end;