使用 Beautiful Soup 从 Wikipedia 获取汽车品牌列表

Question

我想做的是能够从每个国家/地区的 Wikipedia 页面上刮掉所有汽车品牌，并将它们放入字典中。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_car_brands

现在我正在使用 BeautifulSoup，发现这些汽车中的每一个都位于 ul 和 li 标签内，但我不知道如何专门获取它们。这些汽车的来源并不重要，我只是希望能够将它们全部列在一个列表中。

我的当前代码能够获取所有 ul 标记，但不确定如何以更好的方式指定它。

# Import packages
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# Specify url of the web page
source = urlopen('https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_car_brands').read()
# Make a soup 
soup = BeautifulSoup(source,'lxml')

for link in soup.find_all("li"):
    print(link)

任何关于我能做什么的方向或想法都将不胜感激。干杯！

Answer 1

带汽车的平面列表

选择作为<h2> 的下一个兄弟的所有<li> 获取其文本并按“另请参阅”部分的第一个列表条目进行切片：

(x:=[x.text.split('[')[0] 
        for x in soup.select('h2~ul li')
])[:x.index('Timeline of motor vehicle brands')]

输出

['Zanella (1948–present)', 'Anasagasti (1911–1915)', 'Andino (1967–1973)', 'ASA (1961– 1969)', 'Eniak (1983–1989)', 'Hispano-Argentina (1925–1953)', 'Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME, Mechanical Aircraft Industries of the State, 1951–1979), not to be confused with Italian American Motor Engineering', 'Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA, 1956–1975), United Kingdom', 'Alpha Sports (1963–present)', 'Arrow (1963–present)',...]

带有汽车和国家/地区的字典列表

要做的更多，但几乎相同 - 选择所有具有 <ul> 作为下一个兄弟姐妹的 <h2>，并在下一个 <h2> 如下时迭代其下一个兄弟姐妹：

data = []

for h in soup.select('h2:has(~ul)'):
    cars = []
    for tag in h.next_siblings:
        if tag.name == 'ul':
            for x in tag.text.split('\n'):
                cars.append(x.split('[')[0])
        elif tag.name == 'h2':
            break
            
    if 'See also' not in h.text:        
        data.append({
            'country':h.text.split('[')[0],
            'cars': cars
        })
print(data)

输出

[{'country': 'Argentina', 'cars': ['Zanella (1948–present)', 'Anasagasti (1911–1915)', 'Andino (1967–1973)', 'ASA (1961– 1969)', 'Eniak (1983–1989)', 'Hispano-Argentina (1925–1953)', 'Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME, Mechanical Aircraft Industries of the State, 1951–1979), not to be confused with Italian American Motor Engineering', 'Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA, 1956–1975), United Kingdom']}, {'country': 'Australia', 'cars': ['Alpha Sports (1963–present)', 'Arrow (1963–present)', 'Birchfield (2003–present)', 'Bolwell (1979–present)', 'Borland Racing Developments (1984–present)', 'Bufori (1986–present)', 'Bullet (1996–present)', 'Carbontech (1999–present)', 'Daytona (2002–present)', 'Devaux (2001–present)', 'DRB Sports Cars (1997–present)', 'Elfin Cars (1958–present)', 'Finch Restorations (1965–present)', 'Jacer (1995–present)', 'Joss Developments (2004–present)', 'McKernan (2012–present)', 'Minetti Sports Cars (2003–present)', 'Nota (1955–present)', 'PRB (1978–present)', 'Puma Clubman (1998–present)', 'Python (1981–present)', 'Quantum (2015–present)', 'Roaring Forties (1997–present)', 'Spartan-V (2004–present)', 'Stealth Special Vehicles (2004–present)', 'Stohr Cars (1991–present)', 'Ascort (1958–1960)', 'Austin (1954–1983)', 'Australian Six (1919–1930)', 'Australis (1897–1907)', 'Birchfield (2003–2004)', 'Blade (2008–2013)', 'Buchanan', 'Buckle (1955–1959)', 'Bush Ranger (1977–2016)', 'Caldwell Vale (1907–1913)', 'Cheetah', 'Chrysler (1957–1981)', 'Ford (1925–2016) (continues as a brand applied to imported cars)', 'FPV (2002–2014)', 'Giocattolo (1986–1989)', 'Goggomobil (1958–1961)', 'Hartnett (1949–1955)', 'Holden (1948–2017) (continues as a brand applied to imported cars)', 'HSV (1987–2017)', 'Honda', 'Ilinga (1974-1975)', 'Kaditcha', 'Leyland (1973–1982)', 'Lloyd-Hartnett (1957–1962)', 'Lonsdale (1982–1983) (Cars produced and exported by Mitsubishi Australia and sold in the UK by the Colt Car Company under the Lonsdale brand.)', 'Mercedes-Benz (1890–present)', 'Mitsubishi (1980–2008) (The brand continued to be used in Australia for fully imported cars after 2008.)', 'Morris (1947–1973)', 'Nissan (1983–1992) (The brand continued to be used in Australia for fully imported cars after 1992.)', 'Pellandini (1970–1978)', 'Pioneer', 'Purvis Eureka (1974–1991)', 'Shrike (1988–1989)', 'Southern Cross (1931–1935)', 'Statesman (1971–1984)', 'Tarrant (1900–1907)', 'Toyota, Australian production finished (1963–2017)', 'Volkswagen', 'Zeta (1963–1965)']}, {'country': 'Austria', 'cars': ['Eurostar Automobilwerk', 'KTM', 'Magna Steyr', 'ÖAF', 'Puch', 'Steyr Motors GmbH', 'Rosenbauer', 'Tushek&Spigel Supercars', 'Austro-Daimler (1889–1934)', 'Austro-Tatra (1934–1948)', 'Custoca (also known as Custoka) (1966–1988)', 'Denzel (1948–1959)', 'Felber Autoroller (1952–1953)', 'Gräf & Stift (1902–2001)', 'Grofri (1921–1931)', 'Libelle (1952–1954)', 'Lohner-Porsche (1900–1905)', 'Möve 101', 'Steyr automobile', 'Steyr-Daimler-Puch']}, {'country': 'Azerbaijan', 'cars': ['GA (1986–present)', 'Khazar (2018–present)', 'NAZ (2010–present)', 'Aziz (2005–2010)']}, {'country': 'Belgium', 'cars': ['Ecar (2015–present)', 'Edran (1984–present)', 'Gillet (1982–present)', 'Imperia Automobiles (2008–present)', 'ADK (1930)', 'Alatac (1913–1914)', 'Alberta (1906)', 'Alfa Legia (1914)', 'ALP (1920)', 'Altona (1946)', 'AMA (1913)', 'Antoine (1903)', "d'Aoust (1927)", 'Apal (1998)', 'Aquila (1903)', 'Astra (1931)', 'ATA', 'Auto Garage (1911)', 'Auto-Mixte (1906–1912)', 'Avior (1947)', 'Bastin (1909)', 'Beckett & Farlow (1908)', 'Belga (1921)', 'Belga-Rise (1935)', 'Belgica (1909)', 'Bercley (1900)', 'Bovy (1914)', 'Cambier (1898)', 'CAP (1914)', 'Catala (1914)', 'CIE (1898)', "CLA (Compagnie Liégeoise d'Automobiles) (1901)", 'Claeys-Flandria (1955)', 'Coune (1947)', 'Cyclecars R&D (1921)', 'Dasse (1924)', 'De Cosmo (1908)', 'De Wandre (1923)', 'DéChamps (1906)', 'Delecroix (1899)', 'Delin (1901)', 'Direct (1905)', 'Dyle & Bacalan (1906)', 'Escol (1938)', 'Excelsior (1904–1932)', 'Fab (1914)', 'FD (1925)', 'Fif (1914)', 'Flaid (1921)', 'FN (1935)', 'Fondu (1912)', 'Frenay (1914)', 'Germain (1901)', 'Hermes (1909)', 'Hermes-Mathis (1914)', 'Imperia (1906–1948)', 'Imperia-Abadal (1913–1917)', 'Jeecy-Vea (1926)', 'Jenatzy (Société Générale des Transports Automobiles) (1905)', 'Juwel (1928)', 'Kleinstwagen (1952)', 'Knap (moved to France in 1899 or 1900) (1909)', 'L&B', 'Linon (1914)', 'Loza (1925)', 'Matthieu (1906)', 'Matthys Frères et Osy (1927)', 'Mécanique et Moteurs (1906)', 'Meeussen (1972)', 'Métallurgique (1913)', 'Miesse (1926)', 'Minerva (1939)', 'Nagant (1927)', 'Oracle (2005)', 'P.L.M. (Keller) (1955)', 'P-M (1924)', 'Peterill (1899)', 'Pieper (1903)', 'Pipe (1922)', 'R.A.L. (1914)', 'Ranger (General Motors brand) (1970–1978)', 'Royal Star (1910)', 'Rumpf (1899)', 'S.C.H. (1928)', 'Sava (1923)', 'SOMEA', 'Speedsport (1927)', 'Springuel (1912)', 'Taunton (1922)', 'Turner-Miesse (1913)', 'Vanclee (1989)', 'Vincke (1905)', 'Vivinus (1912)', 'Widi (1960)', 'Wilford (1901)', 'Zelensis (1962)']},...]

Answer 2

一种方法是获取所有没有类的列表项（这将跳过顶部的索引），然后将该列表拆分为'Timeline of motor vehicle brands' 的第一次出现：

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# Specify url of the web page
source = urlopen('https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_car_brands').read()
# Make a soup
soup = BeautifulSoup(source)
#get all list items
list_items = [i.get_text() for i in soup.find_all('li', class_=None)]
#split list_items by 'Timeline of motor vehicle brands'
list_items = list_items[:list_items.index('Timeline of motor vehicle brands')]
#remove citations from strings
list_items = [i.split('[')[0] for i in list_items]

输出：

['Zanella (1948–present)', 'Anasagasti (1911–1915)', 'Andino (1967–1973)', 'ASA (1961– 1969)', 'Eniak (1983–1989)', 'Hispano-Argentina (1925–1953)', 'Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME, Mechanical Aircraft Industries of the State, 1951–1979), not to be confused with Italian American Motor Engineering', 'Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA, 1956–1975), United Kingdom', 'Alpha Sports (1963–present)', 'Arrow (1963–present)', 'Birchfield (2003–present)', 'Bolwell (1979–present)', 'Borland Racing Developments (1984–present)', 'Bufori (1986–present)', 'Bullet (1996–present)', 'Carbontech (1999–present)', 'Daytona (2002–present)', 'Devaux (2001–present)', 'DRB Sports Cars (1997–present)', 'Elfin Cars (1958–present)', 'Finch Restorations (1965–present)', 'Jacer (1995–present)', 'Joss Developments (2004–present)', 'McKernan (2012–present)', 'Minetti Sports Cars (2003–present)', 'Nota (1955–present)', 'PRB (1978–present)', 'Puma Clubman (1998–present)', 'Python (1981–present)', 'Quantum (2015–present)', 'Roaring Forties (1997–present)', 'Spartan-V (2004–present)', 'Stealth Special Vehicles (2004–present)', 'Stohr Cars (1991–present)', 'Ascort (1958–1960)', 'Austin (1954–1983)', 'Australian Six (1919–1930)', 'Australis (1897–1907)', 'Birchfield (2003–2004)', 'Blade (2008–2013)', 'Buchanan', 'Buckle (1955–1959)', 'Bush Ranger (1977–2016)', 'Caldwell Vale (1907–1913)', 'Cheetah', 'Chrysler (1957–1981)', 'Ford (1925–2016) (continues as a brand applied to imported cars)', 'FPV (2002–2014)', 'Giocattolo (1986–1989)', 'Goggomobil (1958–1961)', 'Hartnett (1949–1955)', 'Holden (1948–2017) (continues as a brand applied to imported cars)', 'HSV (1987–2017)', 'Honda', 'Ilinga (1974-1975)', 'Kaditcha', 'Leyland (1973–1982)', 'Lloyd-Hartnett (1957–1962)', 'Lonsdale (1982–1983) (Cars produced and exported by Mitsubishi Australia and sold in the UK by the Colt Car Company under the Lonsdale brand.)', 'Mercedes-Benz (1890–present)', 'Mitsubishi (1980–2008) (The brand continued to be used in Australia for fully imported cars after 2008.)', 'Morris (1947–1973)', 'Nissan (1983–1992) (The brand continued to be used in Australia for fully imported cars after 1992.)', 'Pellandini (1970–1978)', 'Pioneer', 'Purvis Eureka (1974–1991)', 'Shrike (1988–1989)', 'Southern Cross (1931–1935)', 'Statesman (1971–1984)', 'Tarrant (1900–1907)', 'Toyota, Australian production finished (1963–2017)', 'Volkswagen', 'Zeta (1963–1965)', 'Eurostar Automobilwerk', 'KTM', 'Magna Steyr', 'ÖAF', 'Puch', 'Steyr Motors GmbH', 'Rosenbauer', 'Tushek&Spigel Supercars', 'Austro-Daimler (1889–1934)', 'Austro-Tatra (1934–1948)', 'Custoca (also known as Custoka) (1966–1988)', 'Denzel (1948–1959)', 'Felber Autoroller (1952–1953)', 'Gräf & Stift (1902–2001)', 'Grofri (1921–1931)', 'Libelle (1952–1954)', 'Lohner-Porsche (1900–1905)', 'Möve 101', 'Steyr automobile', 'Steyr-Daimler-Puch', 'GA (1986–present)', 'Khazar (2018–present)', 'NAZ (2010–present)', 'Aziz (2005–2010)', 'Ecar (2015–present)', 'Edran (1984–present)', 'Gillet (1982–present)', 'Imperia Automobiles (2008–present)', 'ADK (1930)', 'Alatac (1913–1914)', 'Alberta (1906)', 'Alfa Legia (1914)', 'ALP (1920)', 'Altona (1946)', 'AMA (1913)', 'Antoine (1903)', "d'Aoust (1927)", 'Apal (1998)', 'Aquila (1903)', 'Astra (1931)', 'ATA', 'Auto Garage (1911)', 'Auto-Mixte (1906–1912)', 'Avior (1947)', 'Bastin (1909)', 'Beckett & Farlow (1908)', 'Belga (1921)', 'Belga-Rise (1935)', 'Belgica (1909)', 'Bercley (1900)', 'Bovy (1914)', 'Cambier (1898)', 'CAP (1914)', 'Catala (1914)', 'CIE (1898)', "CLA (Compagnie Liégeoise d'Automobiles) (1901)", 'Claeys-Flandria (1955)', 'Coune (1947)', 'Cyclecars R&D (1921)', 'Dasse (1924)', 'De Cosmo (1908)', 'De Wandre (1923)', 'DéChamps (1906)', 'Delecroix (1899)', 'Delin (1901)', 'Direct (1905)', 'Dyle & Bacalan (1906)', 'Escol (1938)', 'Excelsior (1904–1932)', 'Fab (1914)', 'FD (1925)', 'Fif (1914)', 'Flaid (1921)', 'FN (1935)', 'Fondu (1912)', 'Frenay (1914)', 'Germain (1901)', 'Hermes (1909)', 'Hermes-Mathis (1914)', 'Imperia (1906–1948)', 'Imperia-Abadal (1913–1917)', 'Jeecy-Vea (1926)', 'Jenatzy (Société Générale des Transports Automobiles) (1905)', 'Juwel (1928)', 'Kleinstwagen (1952)', 'Knap (moved to France in 1899 or 1900) (1909)', 'L&B', 'Linon (1914)', 'Loza (1925)', 'Matthieu (1906)', 'Matthys Frères et Osy (1927)', 'Mécanique et Moteurs (1906)', 'Meeussen (1972)', 'Métallurgique (1913)', 'Miesse (1926)', 'Minerva (1939)', 'Nagant (1927)', 'Oracle (2005)', 'P.L.M. (Keller) (1955)', 'P-M (1924)', 'Peterill (1899)', 'Pieper (1903)', 'Pipe (1922)', 'R.A.L. (1914)', 'Ranger (General Motors brand) (1970–1978)', 'Royal Star (1910)', 'Rumpf (1899)', 'S.C.H. (1928)', 'Sava (1923)', 'SOMEA', 'Speedsport (1927)', 'Springuel (1912)', 'Taunton (1922)', 'Turner-Miesse (1913)', 'Vanclee (1989)', 'Vincke (1905)', 'Vivinus (1912)', 'Widi (1960)', 'Wilford (1901)', 'Zelensis (1962)', 'PRETIS (?–1969)', 'TAS (1982–1992)', 'Abais', 'Adamo GT', 'Agrale (1982–present)', 'Americar', 'Amoritz GT', 'Avallone', 'Bianco', 'BRM Buggy (1969–present)', 'Bugre (1970–present)', 'Centaurus', 'Chamonix (1987–present)', 'Edra (1989–present)', 'Kramer', 'Lobini (2002–present)', 'Matra', 'San Vito', 'TAC (2004–present)', 'Tanger', 'Vemag', 'Villa GT', 'Volkswagen (1953–present)', 'W.W. Trevis (1998–present)', 'Dacon (1964-1996)', 'Dardo (1981)', 'Democrata (1967)', 'Engesa (1963–1993)', 'Envemo (1978–c.1994)', 'Equus Thundix', 'Fabral', 'Farus', 'FNM (1960–1963)', 'Gurgel (1966–1995)', 'Hofstetter turbo (1986–1989)', 'Miura (1977–c.1987)', 'MP Lafer (1974–c.1990)', 'Puma (1967–1997)', 'Santa Matilde (1977–c.1997)', 'Troller (1998–2021)', 'Uirapuru (1966–1968)', 'Willys', 'Litex Motors', 'SIN Cars', 'Bulgaralpine', 'Bulgarrenault', 'Moskvitch', 'Pirin-Fiat', 'Sofia', 'ElectraMeccanica (2015–present)', 'HTT (automobile) (2010–present)', 'Intermeccanica (1959–present)', 'Wingho (1999-present)', 'Acadian (1961–1971)', 'Amherst (1912)', 'Asüna (1992–1995)', 'Beaumont', 'Bourassa (1926)', 'Bricklin (1974–1975)', 'Brock (1921)', 'Brooks (1923–1926)', 'Canadian (1921)', 'Canadian Motor (1900–1902)', 'Clinton (1911–1912)', 'Colonial (1922)', 'Dominion Motors Frontenac (1931–1933)', 'Enterra (1987)', 'Envoy', 'Epic', 'Frontenac (1959–1960)', 'Gareau (1910)', 'Gray-Dort (1915–1925)', 'London Six (1922–1924)', 'Manic GT (1969–1971)', 'McLaughlin (1908–1922)', 'Meteor (1949–1976)', 'Monarch (1946–1961)', 'Moose Jaw Standard (1916–1919)', 'Queen (1901–1903)', 'Studebaker (1963–1966)', 'Tudhope (1906–1913)', 'ZENN (2006–2010)', 'BAIC Group', 'Baolong (1998–present)', 'Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation\nBeijing Automobile Works (1958–present)', 'Beijing Automobile Works (1958–present)', 'BYD (2003–present)', "Chang'an Motors (1990–present)\nChanghe (since 1986)\nHafei", 'Changhe (since 1986)', 'Hafei', 'Chery (Qirui) (1997–present)', 'Dadi', 'Dongfeng (1969–present)\nDongfeng Fengshen\nVenucia (2010–present)', 'Dongfeng Fengshen', 'Venucia (2010–present)', 'First Automobile Works (FAW) (1953–present)\nFAW Tianjin (Xiali) (1986–present)\nHaima Automobile (2004–present)\nHongqi (Red Flag) (1958–present)\nHuali', 'FAW Tianjin (Xiali) (1986–present)', 'Haima Automobile (2004–present)', 'Hongqi (Red Flag) (1958–present)', 'Huali', 'Forta', 'Foton (1996–present)', 'Fudi (1996–present)', 'Fukang (company) (1990–present)', 'Fuqi', 'Geely (Jili) (1998–present)\nShanghai Maple Guorun Automobile (2003–present)\nZhejiang Geely Automobile', 'Shanghai Maple Guorun Automobile (2003–present)', 'Zhejiang Geely Automobile', 'LTI Shanghai Automobile', 'Great Wall Motors (1984–present)\nHaval', 'Haval', 'Green Field Motor (2010–present)', 'Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group (GAIG) (2000–present)\nChangfeng Motor\nLiebao\nGAC Group\nGonow\nTrumpchi\nGuangqi Honda\nEverus', 'Changfeng Motor\nLiebao', 'Liebao', 'GAC Group', 'Gonow\nTrumpchi', 'Trumpchi', 'Guangqi Honda\nEverus', 'Everus', 'Guizhou / Yunque', 'Hawtai (Huatai)', 'Huachen (Brilliance)\nJinbei (1992–present)', 'Jinbei (1992–present)', 'Huayang', 'Hwanghai', 'Icona', 'Jianghuai (JAC) (1999–present)', 'Jiangling (JMC) (1993–present)', 'Jiangnan (company) (1988–present)', 'Jonway (2005–present)', 'Kingstar (2004–present)\nLandwind', 'Landwind', 'Li Nian (Everus) (2010–present)', 'Lifan (2005–present)', 'NIO (2014–present)', 'Polarsun Automobile (Zhongshun) (2004–present)', 'Qoros (2013–present)', 'SAIC Motor\nMG Motor\nNanjing Automobile Corporation (NAC) (1947–present)\nNanjing Soyat (2004–present)\nYuejin (1995–present)\nRoewe (2006–present)\nWuling (1958–present)', 'MG Motor', 'Nanjing Automobile Corporation (NAC) (1947–present)\nNanjing Soyat (2004–present)\nYuejin (1995–present)', 'Nanjing Soyat (2004–present)', 'Yuejin (1995–present)', 'Roewe (2006–present)', 'Wuling (1958–present)', 'Shaanxi Automobile Group', 'Shuanghuan (1998–present)', 'Sichuan Tengzhong', 'Soueast Motors / Dongnan', 'Tianma (Heavenly Horse) (1995–present)', 'Tongtian (2002–present)', 'Venucia (2010–present)', 'Xinkai (1984–present)', 'Yema Auto (1994–present)', 'Youngman (2001–present)', 'Yutong Group', 'Zhonghua (1985–present)', 'Zhongxing (Zxauto) (1991–present)', 'Zhongyu (2004–present)', 'Zotye (2005–present)\nDomy Auto', 'Domy Auto', 'Crobus', 'Đuro Đaković', 'DOK-ING', 'Rimac', 'Tvornica motora zagreb', 'Tvornica Autobusa Zagreb', 'Avia (1919–present)', 'Bureko (2007–present)', 'Gordon (1997–present)', 'Jawa (1929–present)', 'Kaipan (1997–present)', 'Karosa (1896–present (since 2007 IVECO))', 'MTX / Metalex (1969–present)', 'MW Motors (2010–present)', 'Praga (1907–present)', 'Škoda (1895–present)', 'SVOS (1992–present)', 'Tatra (1850–present)', 'Aero (1929–1947)', 'Aspa (1924–25)', 'Gatter (1926–37)', 'Gnom (1921–24)', 'Hakar', 'ISIS (1922–24)', 'KAN (1911–14)', 'LIAZ (1951–2002)', 'Premier (1913–14)', 'RAF (Reichenberger Automobil Fabrik) (1907–1954)', 'Rösler & Jauernig (1896–1908)', 'Sibrava (1921–29)', 'Start (1921–31)', 'Stelka (1920–1922)', 'TAZ (1961–99)', 'Vechet (1911–14)', 'Velorex (1951–1971)', 'Walter (1909–1954)', 'Wikov (1922–35)', 'Zbrojovka Brno (1923–36)', 'PVP Karting', 'Zenvo Automotive (2004–present)', 'Anglo-Dane (1902–1917)', 'Brems (1900 and 1907)', 'Dansk (1901–1907)', 'Krampers (1890–1960)', 'Egy-Tech (2010–present)', 'Speranza (1998–present)', 'Nasr (1960–2008)', ' Nobe', 'Holland Car (2005–2013)', 'Elcat', 'Electric Raceabout (prototype, not in production)', 'Finlandia (1922–1924)', 'Korvensuu (1912–1913)', 'Sisu Auto', 'Toroidion (2015-  ,prototype, not yet in production)', 'Valmet Automotive', 'Vanaja (1943–1968)', 'Valtra', 'Veemax  (racecar, 1960s - 1978)', 'Wiima', 'Aixam', 'Alpine', 'Bolloré', 'Bugatti', 'Chatenet', 'Citroën', 'De la Chapelle', 'DS', 'Goupil', 'Ligier', 'Microcar', 'Peugeot', 'PGO', 'Renault', 'Venturi', 'Ballot (1905–1932)', 'Berliet (1899–1978)', 'Chenard-Walcker (1899–1946)', 'Darracq (1897–1902)', 'DB (1938–1961)', 'De Dion-Bouton (1883–1932)', 'Delage (1906–1953)', 'Delahaye (1894–1954)', 'Facel Vega (1939–1964)', 'Gobron-Brillié (1898–1930)', 'Hotchkiss (1903–1955)', 'Lorraine-Dietrich', 'Matra (1964–2003)', 'Mega（1919-1933）', 'Panhard (1887–2012)', 'Panhard et Levassor (1887–1940)', 'Rosengart (1927–1955)', 'Salmson (1920–1957)', 'Saviem (1955–1978)', 'Simca (1934–1979)', 'Talbot (1916–1959)', 'Talbot-Lago (1935–1959)', 'Tracta (1926–1934)', 'VELAM (1955–1959)', 'Vespa', 'Voisin (1919–1939)', '9ff', 'ABT Sportsline', 'Audi', 'Alpina', 'Artega', 'BMW', 'BMW M', 'Borgward', 'Citycom', 'CityEl', 'Ford-Werke', 'Gemballa', 'Gumpert (2004-2013, 2016-present)', 'Isdera', 'Lotec', 'Magirus', 'Maybach', 'Mercedes-AMG', 'Mercedes-Benz', 'Opel', 'Porsche', 'Ruf', 'Smart', 'Volkswagen', 'Wiesmann', 'Amphicar (1960–1968)', 'Apal', 'Auto Union (1932–1969)', 'Beck (2012)', 'DKW', 'Gatter (1952-1958) (formerly Czechoslovakia 1926-1937)', 'Glas (1883–1966)', 'Goliath (1928–1961)', 'Hansa (1905–1931)', 'Heinkel (1956–1958)', 'Horch (1904–1932)', 'Kodiak (1983-1985)', 'Lloyd (1908–1963)', 'Maybach (1909–2013)', 'Mercedes (1900–1926)', 'Messerschmitt (1953–1964)', 'NSU (1873–1969)', 'Trabant (1957–1991)', 'VW-Porsche (1969–1976)', 'Wanderer (1911–1941)', 'Wartburg (1898–1991)', 'Balkania (1945–present)', 'ELVO (1973–present)', 'Kioleides (1968–present)', 'Korres (2002–present)', 'Namco (1973–present)', 'Replicar Hellas (2007–present)', 'Saracakis (1923–present)', 'Temax (1925–present)', 'Alta (1968–1978)', 'Attica (1958–1972)', 'Autokinitoviomihania Ellados (1975–1984)', 'Automeccanica (1980–1995)', 'Balkania (1975–1995)', 'BET (1965–1975', 'Biamax (1956–1986)', 'C.AR (1970–1992)', 'Candia (1965–1990)', 'Diana (1976–1990)', 'DIM (1977–1982)', 'EBIAM (1979–1984)', 'Enfield (1973–1976)', 'Hercules (1980–1983)', 'MAVA-Renault (1979–1985)', 'MEBEA (1960–1983)', 'Neorion (1974–1975)', 'Pan-Car (1968–1994)', 'Record (1957–1999)', 'Scavas (1973–1992)', 'Styl Kar (1970)', 'Tangalakis (1935–1939)', 'Theologou (1915–1926)', 'Tejas Motors', 'Ashok Leyland ', 'DC Design', 'Eicher Motors', 'Force Motors', 'Tata Motors', 'Mahindra & Mahindra', 'Maruti Suzuki', 'KIA Motors', 'Hindustan Motors (1963–2014)', 'ICML (2012–2018)', 'Maruti (1983–2007)', 'Premier (1947–2016)', 'Reva', 'Sipani Motors (Sunrise Auto Industries) (1973–1995)', 'Standard (1949–1988)', 'Esemka', 'Fin Komodo', 'Pindad', 'Timor', 'Bahman', 'Diar', 'Iran Khodro (1962–present)', 'Khodro Kaveer', 'Kish Khodro', 'Morattab', 'MVM', 'Pars Khodro (1967–present)', 'Paykan', 'Reyan', 'SAIPA (1966–present)', 'Shahab Khodro', 'Zagross Khodro', 'Shamrock', 'TMC Costin', 'Alesbury (1907–1908)', 'GAC Ireland (1980–1986)', 'AIL', 'Plasan', 'Autocars', 'Kaiser-Ilin Industries', 'Abarth', 'ACM', 'Alfa Romeo', 'Casalini', 'Cizeta', 'Dagger', 'De Tomaso', 'DR', 'Ferrari', 'Fiat', 'Giannini', 'Giottiline', 'Grecav', 'Iveco', 'Lamborghini', 'Lancia', 'Maserati', 'Mazzanti', 'Pagani', 'Piaggio', 'Pininfarina', 'Qvale', 'ASA (1961–1969)', 'Autobianchi (1955–1995)', 'Bertone (1982–1989)', 'Bizzarrini (1964–1969)', 'Cisitalia (1946–1963)', 'Covini (1978-2016)', 'Innocenti (1920–1996)', 'Intermeccanica (moved to Canada)', 'Iso (1953–1974)', 'Karlmann', 'O.S.C.A. (1947–1967)', 'Siata (1926–1970)', 'Baby-Brousse (1964–1979)', 'Aspark', 'Daihatsu', 'Datsun', 'Dome (1975-present)', 'Englon', 'Lexus', 'Honda', 'Acura', 'Isuzu', 'Mazda', 'Mini', 'Mitsubishi', 'Mitsuoka', 'Nissan', 'Infiniti', 'Proton', 'Renault', 'SEAT', 'Subaru', 'Suzuki', 'Toyota', 'Yamaha Motor', 'Autozam (1989–1998)', 'Colt (1974–1984) (cars produced and exported by Mitsubishi Motors and imported into the UK by the Colt Car Company and marketed under the Colt brand)', 'ɛ̃fini (1991–1997)', 'Eunos (1989–1996)', 'Hino (1961–1967)', 'Prince (1952–1966)', 'Scion (2003–2016)', 'Toyopet', 'Mobius (2013–present)', 'Nyayo (1986–1999)', 'Orca', 'Assal', 'Bufori', 'Proton', 'Perodua', 'TD2000', 'Inokom', 'Naza', 'Hicom', 'Mildef', 'Mykar', 'Autobuses King', 'Cimex', 'Dina', 'FANASA', 'Grupo Electrico Motorizado', 'Mastretta', 'VAM', 'Vhul', 'Zacua', 'Matchedje Motors (2014–2017) owned by China Tong Jian Investment – built rebadged Fudi F16 pickups.', 'Uri-Automobile (1995–2008 moved to South Africa)', 'Hulas Motors', 'Donkervoort', "Van Doorne's Automobiel Fabrieken", 'Spyker (1999–present)', 'Vencer', 'DAF', 'Spyker (1899–1926)', 'Eysink', 'Almac (1985–present)', 'Alternative Cars (1984–present)', 'Chevron (1984–present)', 'Fraser (1988–present)', 'Hulme (2005–present)', 'Leitch (1986–present)', 'Saker (1989–present)', 'Anziel (1967)', 'Beattie (1997–2001) thence Redline', 'Carlton (1922–1928)', 'Cobra (1983–1990)', 'Crowther (1968–1978)', 'De Joux (1970)', "Dennison (1900–1905) – New Zealand's first indigenous car", 'Everson (1935–1989)', 'Heron (1964–1990)', 'Marlborough (1912–1922) thence Carlton', 'McRae (1990–2003)', 'Mistral (1957–1960)', 'Redline (2001–2009)', 'Steel Brothers (1973–1981)', 'Trekka (1966–1973)', 'UltraCommuter (2006–2013)', 'Wood (1901–1903)', 'Izuogu (1997–2006)', 'Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing', 'Pyeonghwa Motors', 'Pyongsang Auto Works', 'Sungri Motors', 'Kongsberg', 'Bjering', 'Buddy', 'Geijer', 'Norsk', 'Think', 'Troll', 'Atlas Honda', 'Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan', 'FAW Pakistan', 'Ghandhara Nissan', 'Ghandhara Industries', 'Heavy Industries Taxila', 'Hinopak', 'Master', 'Millat Tractors', 'Pak Suzuki', 'Indus Motors Company', 'Yamaha Motor Pakistan', 'Sazgar', 'Hyundai Nishat Motors', 'Kia Lucky Motors', 'United Auto Industries', 'Prince DFSK', 'MG JW Automobile', 'Adam Motor Company (Defunct)', 'Nexus Automotive (Defunct)', 'Dewan Farooque Motors (Defunct)', 'Arrinera', 'FSO', 'Melex', 'Polski Fiat (1932–1939, 1968–1992)', 'UMM (União Metalo-Mecânica) (1978–2001)', 'Portaro (1975–1995)', 'Dacia (1966–present)', 'Ford România S.A. (2008–present)', 'Oltcit (1976–1991)', 'ARO (1957–2006)', 'Derways (2003–present)', 'GAZ (1932–present)', 'Lada (1966–present)', 'UAZ (1941–present)', 'ZiL (1916–present)', 'Izh (1965–2008)', 'Moskvitch (1929–2010)', 'Russo-Balt (1894–1929/2006)', 'Marussia (2007–2014)', 'FCA Srbija (2008–present)', 'Zastava TERVO (2017–present)', 'IDA-Opel (1977–1992)', 'Yugo (1944–2008)', 'Zastava (1953–2008)', 'Revoz', 'Atax (1938–1949)', 'TAM (1947–2011)', 'Birkin (1982–present)', 'Harper Sports Cars (2014–present)', 'Perana (2007–present)', 'Puma (1973–1974, 1989–1991, 2006–present)', 'Shaka (1995–present)', 'Superformance (1996–present)', 'Uri International Vehicle & Equipment Marketing (2008–present)', 'Badsey (1979–1983, then the company moved to the USA', 'Eagle', 'GSM (1958–1964)', 'Hayden Dart (1997–2003)', 'Hi-Tech (1992–1996)', 'Optimal Energy (2008–2012)', 'Perana (1967–1996; a famous Ford manufacturer, today only active as a Ford dealer)', 'Protea (1957–1958)', 'Ranger (1968–1973)', 'Sao (1985–1994)', 'CT&T', 'Galloper', 'Genesis', 'Hyundai', 'Kia', 'Renault Samsung', 'Ssangyong', 'Edison Motors', 'Asia (1965–1999)', 'Daewoo (1983–2002)', 'GMK (1972–1976)', 'Saehan (1976–1983)', 'Saenara (1962–1965)', 'Proto (1997–2017)', 'Shinjin (1965–1972)', 'Aspid', 'Comarth', 'Cupra', 'DSD Design and Motorsport', 'GTA Motor', 'Hurtan', 'SEAT', 'Spania GTA', 'Tramontana (sports car)', 'Tauro Sport Auto', 'UROVESA', 'Hispano Suiza (Planned Revival in 2019)', 'Pegaso', 'Santana', 'Volvo Cars (1927–present)', 'Koenigsegg (1994–present)', 'Polestar (1996–present)', 'NEVS (2012–present) (bought by Saab)', 'Von Braun Holding Company (2014–present)', 'Allevo (1890–1916) / (made cars 1903–1907)', 'Vagnsaktiebolaget I Södertelge (later VABIS, then Scania-Vabis)', 'Rengsjöbilen (1914–1916)', 'Saab (1945–2012)', 'Hult Healey (1984–1990)', 'Jösse Car (1994–1999)', 'Tjorven (1968–1971)', 'MBM (1960–1967)', 'Monteverdi (1967–1984)', 'Ranger (General Motors brand) (1970–1975)', 'CMC (1973–present)', 'Formosa', 'Luxgen', 'Thunder Power', 'Tobe', 'Yue Long/Yulon/YLN (affiliated to Nissan)', 'Akepanich', 'C-FEE', 'Cherdchai', 'Deva', 'Kwaithong', 'Mine', 'Siam V.M.C.', 'Thai Rung', 'Vera', 'Barkia (2010–present)', 'Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines (1982–1988, 1991–present)', 'Wallyscar (2007–present)', 'Anadol', 'Devrim', 'Diardi', 'Etox', 'EVT S1', 'Imza', 'Özaltin', 'Sazan', 'Tofaş (1968–date)', 'TOGG', 'Kiira', 'ZAZ (1923–present)', 'Devel Motors', 'Shayton', 'W Motors', 'Zarooq Motors', 'AC Cars', 'Arash', 'Ariel (1991–present)', 'Aston Martin (1913–present)', 'BAC', 'Bentley (1919–present)', 'Bristol', 'Caterham Cars (1957–present)', 'David Brown (2013–present)', 'Dendrobium', 'Farbio', 'Ford', 'Ginetta (1958–present)', 'Jaguar (1935–present)', 'Jowett (1906–1954)', 'Keating Supercars (2006-present)', 'Lagonda', 'Land Rover (1948–present)', 'Lister', 'London Electric Vehicle Company (LEVC) (2013–present)', 'Lotus (1952–present)', 'Mini', 'McLaren (2010–present)', 'Morgan (1910–present)', 'Noble (1999–present)', 'Radical (1997–present)', 'Rolls-Royce (1904–present)', 'Trident', 'TVR (1946–2006,2013-present)', 'Vauxhall (1903–present)', 'AC', 'Allard (1945–1957)', 'Alvis', 'Armstrong Siddeley', 'Ascari (1995–2010)', 'Austin', 'Austin-Healey (1952–1972)', 'Berkeley (1956–1960)', 'Bond', 'Bristol (1945–2020)', 'British Salmson (1934–1939)', 'Buckler (1947–1962)', 'Chambers Motors (1904–1929)', 'Chrysler Europe (1976–1979)', 'Daimler', 'Dutton', 'Elva', 'Fairthorpe', 'Farboud Limited (1999-2006)', 'Frazer Nash (1925–1957)', 'Gilbern (1959–1973)', 'Gordon-Keeble', 'Healey', 'Hillman', 'Humber', 'Invicta', 'Jensen', 'Jowett (1906–1954)', 'Lanchester', 'Lea-Francis', 'Lloyd (1936–1950)', 'Lotus-Cortina', 'Marauder (1950–1952)', 'MG (1924–2011)', 'Metropolitan (1953–1961)', 'Morris (1913–1984)', 'Nash-Healey (1951–1954)', 'Ohio Electric (circa 1917)', 'Panther (1972–1990)', 'Paramount (1950–1956)', 'Peel Engineering Company (1955–1969)', 'Peerless (1957–1960)', 'Princess (1957–1960) (1975–1981)', 'Reliant', 'Riley (1907–1969)', 'Rover (1904–2005)', 'RW (1983–2000)', 'Singer', 'Standard', 'Sunbeam', 'Sunbeam-Talbot', 'Swallow (1954–1955)', 'Talbot', 'Tornado', 'Triumph', 'Trojan', 'Turner', 'Tyrrell', 'Vanden Plas', 'Warwick (1960–1962)', 'Wolseley', 'AM General', 'Anteros (2005–present)', 'Aurica (2010–present)', 'Bollinger Motors (2014-present)', 'Bremach (2009–present)', 'Buick (1903–present)', 'BXR (2008–present)', 'Cadillac (1902–present)', 'Chevrolet (1911–present)', 'Chrysler (1925–present)', 'Custom Crafted Cars (2013–present)', 'Dodge (1900–present)', 'Elio Motors (2009–present)', 'Equus Automotive (2014–present)', 'E-Z-GO (1954–present)', 'Falcon (2009–present)', 'Faraday (2014–present)', 'Ford (1903–present)', 'General Motors (1908–present)', 'Genovation', 'GMC (1913–present)', 'Hummer (1992–2010; 2020–present)', 'Opel (1941-present) (from Germany)', 'Hennessey (1991–present)', 'Humble Motors (2020-present)', 'Jeep (1941–present)', 'Karma (2016–present) (Formerly Fisker inc.)', 'Lincoln (1917–present)', 'Local (2007—present)', 'Lucid (2014–present)', 'Lyons (2011–present)', 'Niama-Reisser (2005–present)', 'Panoz (1989–present)', 'Polaris (1954–present)\nGEM', 'GEM', 'Racefab (1991–present)', 'RAESR (2014–present)', 'Ram Trucks (2010–present)', 'Rezvani (2014–present)', 'Rivian (2009–present)', 'Rossion (2007–present)', 'Saleen (1980–present)', 'Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus', 'Shelby American (1962–present)', 'SSC (1999–present)', 'Tesla (2003–present)', 'Trion Supercars (2012–present)', 'Vehicle Production Group (2011-2013)', 'Zimmer (1978–1988, 1997–present)', 'Ajax (1925-1926)', 'AMC (1954–1987)', 'American Simplex (1906–1910) (renamed to Amplex in 1910)', 'Amplex (1910–1915) (previously known as American Simplex)', 'Auburn', 'Checker', 'Cord', 'Crosley', 'DeLorean Motor Company (1981–1983)', 'DeSoto (1928–1960)', 'Detroit Electric (1907–1939)', 'Devon (2008-2013)', 'Duesenberg', 'Eagle (1987–1998)', 'Edsel (1958–1960)', 'Frazer', 'Fisker (2011–2014)', 'Geo (General Motors brand) (1989–1997)', 'Henry J (1950–1954)', 'Hudson (1909–1957)', 'Hupmobile (1909–1939)', 'Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983) (Chrysler Corporation brand – Imperial was also used as a Chrysler model name in certain other years)', 'Jordan', 'Kaiser', 'LaFayette', 'LaSalle (1927–1940)', 'Marmon (1851-1933)', 'Marquette (General Motors brand)', 'Maxwell', 'Mercer (1909–1925)', 'Mercury (1938–2011)', 'Merkur (1985–1989)', 'Moon', 'Mosler (1993–2013)', 'Nash', 'Navistar International', 'Oakland (1908–1931)', 'Oldsmobile (1897–2004)', 'Packard (1899–1958)', 'Plymouth (1928–2001)', 'Pontiac (1926–2010)', 'Rambler (1897–1914 & 1958–1969)', 'Reliable Dayton (1906–1909)', 'Saturn (1985–2010)', 'Staver (1907–1914)', 'Stearns-Knight', 'Studebaker (1852–1967)', 'Vector (1989-1993)', 'Willys (1908–1963)', 'Nordex (1962–present)', 'Dellepiane (1980)', 'El Terruno (1960)', 'Grumett (1960–1982)', 'Guitolar (1970–2004)', 'Indio (1969–1977)', 'Industrias WARV (1966–1972)', 'Lima (1970–1980)', 'Mauser', 'Metalurgica Laguarda (1963)', 'Taller Danree y Silveira (1950–1960)', 'ChienThang', 'La Dalat', 'THACO', 'VinFast', 'Vinaxuki (2004–2015)']