将 MVC4 升级到 MVC5 的问题答案

【问题标题】：problems upgrading MVC4 to MVC5将 MVC4 升级到 MVC5 的问题
【发布时间】：2015-07-15 13:54:57
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将 MVC4 升级到 MVC5，但奇怪的事情发生了。我使用了a pretty nice guide that I found，一切编译正常，但是当我尝试显示网站时出现此错误：

无法加载文件或程序集“System.Web.Helpers”或其其中之一依赖关系。定位程序集的清单定义不匹配程序集引用。（HRESULT 异常：0x80131040）

奇怪的是，当我查看对 System.Web.Mvc、System.Web.Razor、System.Web.WebPages 等的程序集引用时，它们仍然是属于 MVC4 的版本号！我尝试重新安装相应的 nuget 包，这给了我你希望得到的那种输出：

PM> Update-Package -reinstall -Id Microsoft.AspNet.Razor
Removing 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3' from LabManager.Web.
Successfully removed 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3' from LabManager.Web.
Uninstalling 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3'.
Successfully uninstalled 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3'.
Installing 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3'.
You are downloading Microsoft.AspNet.Razor from Microsoft, the license agreement to which is available at http://www.microsoft.com/web/webpi/eula/net_library_eula_ENU.htm. Check the package for additional dependencies, which may come with their own license agreement(s). Your use of the package and dependencies constitutes your acceptance of their license agreements. If you do not accept the license agreement(s), then delete the relevant components from your device.

Successfully installed 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3'.
Adding 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3' to LabManager.Web.
Successfully added 'Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 3.2.3' to LabManager.Web.

这表明已安装正确的版本。但是，System.Web.Razor 参考仍然显示它的版本为 2.0.0.0。此外，我正在为 .NET 版本 4.5.1 进行编译，但 System.Web.Razor 的运行时版本仍显示 4.0.3.0319。所有与 MVC 相关的程序集也是如此（除了 System.Web.Mvc 的版本号是 4.0.0.0 而不是 5.x.x.x）。

帮助！有人知道这里发生了什么吗？

编辑：这是我的 Web.Config：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--

For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
          http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=152368
          -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>

    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --></configSections>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="LabManagerEntities" connectionString="metadata=res://*/Models.LabManagerEntities.csdl|res://*/Models.LabManagerEntities.ssdl|res://*/Models.LabManagerEntities.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;Data Source=.\SQLServer;Initial Catalog=mne_labbeheer_prd1;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" />
    <add name="ApplicationServices" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLServer;Initial Catalog=mne_labbeheer_prd1;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <!--<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />-->
    <add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
    <!-- IP addresses allowed to view IP Address Restricted portions of the website. 
          An asterisk indicates an entire subnet is valid. -->
    <add key="AuthorizeIPAddresses" value="::1,127.0.0.1" />
  </appSettings>
  <!--
    For a description of web.config changes see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=235367.

    The following attributes can be set on the <httpRuntime> tag.
      <system.Web>
        <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.1" />
      </system.Web>
  -->
  <system.web>
    <globalization culture="en-US" />
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.1">
      <assemblies>
        <add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Helpers, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.WebPages, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Data.Entity, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
      </assemblies>
    </compilation>
    <authentication mode="Forms">
      <forms loginUrl="~/Account/LogOn" timeout="2880" />
    </authentication>
    <membership defaultProvider="DefaultMembershipProvider">
      <providers>
        <clear />
        <add name="DefaultMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultMembershipProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/" />
      </providers>
    </membership>
    <profile defaultProvider="DefaultProfileProvider">
      <providers>
        <clear />
        <add name="DefaultProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultProfileProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/" />
      </providers>
    </profile>
    <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="DefaultRoleProvider">
      <providers>
        <clear />
        <add applicationName="/" name="AspNetWindowsTokenRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.WindowsTokenRoleProvider" />
        <add name="DefaultRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultRoleProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/" />
      </providers>
    </roleManager>
    <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="5.0">
      <namespaces>
        <add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" />
      </namespaces>
    </pages>
    <httpRuntime maxRequestLength="104857600" />
    <!--
            If you are deploying to a cloud environment that has multiple web server instances,
            you should change session state mode from "InProc" to "Custom". In addition,
            change the connection string named "DefaultConnection" to connect to an instance
            of SQL Server (including SQL Azure and SQL  Compact) instead of to SQL Server Express.
      -->
    <sessionState mode="InProc" customProvider="DefaultSessionProvider">
      <providers>
        <add name="DefaultSessionProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultSessionStateProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/" />
      </providers>
    </sessionState>
  </system.web>
  <system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
    <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true">
      <remove name="RoleManager" />
    </modules>
    <security>
      <requestFiltering>
        <requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="104857600" />
      </requestFiltering>
    </security>
  </system.webServer>
  <system.data>
    <DbProviderFactories>
      <remove invariant="System.Data.SqlServerCe.4.0" />
      <add name="Microsoft SQL Server Compact Data Provider 4.0" invariant="System.Data.SqlServerCe.4.0" description=".NET Framework Data Provider for Microsoft SQL Server Compact" type="System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeProviderFactory, System.Data.SqlServerCe, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91" />
    </DbProviderFactories>
  </system.data>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet" publicKeyToken="2780ccd10d57b246" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.3.0.0" newVersion="4.3.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="DotNetOpenAuth.Core" publicKeyToken="2780ccd10d57b246" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.3.0.0" newVersion="4.3.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages.Razor" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebMatrix.WebData" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebMatrix.Data" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
    <!-- When targeting ASP.NET MVC 3, this assemblyBinding makes MVC 1 and 2 references relink
          to MVC 3 so libraries such as DotNetOpenAuth that compile against MVC 1 will work with it.
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
      -->
    <!-- When targeting ASP.NET MVC 3, this assemblyBinding makes MVC 1 and 2 references relink
          to MVC 3 so libraries such as DotNetOpenAuth that compile against MVC 1 will work with it.
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
      -->
  </runtime>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

【问题讨论】：

你能显示你的 web.config 吗？
清理并重建？重启VS？
您应该能够双击该错误，Visual Studio 会弹出一个提示来为您修复它

标签： c# asp.net asp.net-mvc asp.net-mvc-4 asp.net-mvc-5

【解决方案1】：

您的绑定重定向有问题，它们应该如下：

    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
      <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
    </dependentAssembly>
    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
      <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />
    </dependentAssembly>
    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
      <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
    </dependentAssembly>

在您当前的设置中，Helpers 和 WebPages 指向版本 2，Mvc 指向版本 4。

您还需要检查所有视图 web.config，以确保它们也使用正确的版本。

我使用本指南来更新我的应用程序：

How to Upgrade an ASP.NET MVC 4 and Web API Project to ASP.NET MVC 5 and Web API 2

【讨论】：

感谢您指出这些，我忽略了它们！然而它并没有解决问题（但它至少使它变小了:)）
@jkokorian 谢谢。我也遇到了与您的解决方案相同的问题。 :) 我忘了。
我现在似乎隐约记得两年前我将MVC3升级到MVC4时完全一样：S。如果我没记错的话，如果您的网络服务器没有安装所需的程序集，则会使用该文件夹。现在一切都是基于 nuget 包的，这仍然是一个问题吗？
@jkokorian 你现在应该可以使用 nuget 了。 :)

【解决方案2】：

事实证明，引用的程序集不是由 mvc5 nuget 包安装的程序集，而是由名为“_bin_deployableAssemblies”的文件夹中的一堆旧程序集。我只是删除了那个文件夹，Visual Studio 自己弄清楚了从哪里获得新文件夹。 MVC 相关程序集的版本号现在可以正确显示，并且应用程序运行起来很有魅力。

【讨论】：