Python中XML中的父节点插入不像我希望的那样工作

【问题标题】：Parent node insertion in XML in Python not working like I wishedPython中XML中的父节点插入不像我希望的那样工作
【发布时间】：2020-04-15 12:15:14
【问题描述】：

我有一个结构如下的长 XML 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<pages>
    <page id="1" bbox="0.000,0.000,462.047,680.315" rotate="0">
        <textbox id="0" bbox="179.739,592.028,261.007,604.510">
            <textline bbox="179.739,592.028,261.007,604.510">
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">C</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum-it"  bbox="192.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.333">A</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum-it"  bbox="193.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.333">P</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum-it"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.333">I</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">T</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">O</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">L</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">O</text>
                <text></text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">I</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">I</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum"  bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" ncolour="0" size="12.482">I</text>
                <text></text>
            </textline>
        </textbox>
    </page>
</pages>

属性“bbox”包含四个值，我想在每次提供的第一个坐标数之间有一定距离时插入标签“换行符”（这里的例子，在文件中它们都是不同的）。

概念是如果当前bbox的第一个数字与其前一个数字的距离> 10，则插入一个打开的&lt;newline&gt;标签，当距离再次到来时关闭它（换句话说，当有必要开一个新的）。所以输出将是：

<newline>[text tags]</newline>
<newline>[text tags]</newline>

等等

到目前为止我的代码是这样的：

import lxml.etree as etree
from lxml.builder import E

parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
tree = etree.parse('fe2.xml', parser)
root = tree.getroot()

def removeByIdx(parent, idx):
    currElem = parent[idx]   # The indicated element
    parent.remove(currElem)  # Remove it from the parent
    return currElem          # Return the index and element

def wrap(line, idxList):
    if len(idxList) == 0:
        return    # No elements to wrap
    # Take the first element from the original location
    idx = idxList.pop(0)     # Index of the first element
    elem = removeByIdx(line, idx) # The indicated element
    # Create "newline" element with "elem" inside
    nElem = E.newline(elem)
    line.insert(idx, nElem)  # Put it in place of "elem"
    while len(idxList) > 0:  # Process the rest of index list
        # Value not used, but must be removed
        idxList.pop(0)
        # Remove the current element from the original location
        currElem = removeByIdx(line, idx + 1)
        nElem.append(currElem)  # Append it to "newline"

for line in root.iter('textline'):
    idxList = []
    for x in line:
        bb = x.attrib.get('bbox')
        if bb is not None:
            bb = bb.split(',')
        #print('This: ', bb)
        this = bb
        xPrev = x.getprevious()
        bb = None
        if xPrev is not None:
            bb = xPrev.attrib.get('bbox')
            if bb is not None:
                bb = bb.split(',')
        if bb is not None:
            prev = bb
            #print(this, prev)
            if this is not None:
                distance = float(this[0]) - float(prev[0])
                print(distance)
                if distance > 10:
                    par = x.getparent()
                    idx = par.index(x)
                    idxList.append(idx)
                else:  # "Wrong" element, wrap elements "gathered" so far
                    wrap(line, idxList)
                    idxList = []
                    # Process "good" elements without any "bad" after them, if any
                wrap(line, idxList)


print(etree.tostring(root, encoding='unicode', pretty_print=True))

但它没有按预期工作，我看不到换行标记，如果我缩短距离，它只会换行一个文本元素。我错过了什么？

编辑：预期输出

    <?xml version="1.0"?>


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="199.227,592.218,205.657,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">P</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="205.545,592.218,211.975,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">P</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="211.023,592.218,218.617,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="218.515,592.218,226.109,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">R</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="226.008,592.218,233.602,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="232.812,592.218,240.932,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">T</text>O


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.614,554.008,49.369,564.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.268,554.008,54.022,564.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>a


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="43.563,475.008,48.317,485.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="48.226,475.008,52.980,485.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>b


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.614,421.608,49.369,431.846" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.268,421.608,54.022,431.846" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>c


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="43.563,339.508,48.317,349.746" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="48.226,339.508,52.980,349.746" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>d


    <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.949,237.108,49.703,247.347" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.274,237.108,54.028,247.347" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">5</text>a

    **<newline>**
    <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="68.031,553.639,76.375,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">T</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="76.231,553.639,79.479,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">i</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="79.334,553.639,83.161,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">t</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="83.017,553.639,88.112,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">o</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="87.968,553.639,91.216,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">l</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="91.071,553.639,96.167,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">o</text>
 <whitespace/><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="99.311,553.628,104.406,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">I</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="104.261,553.628,107.510,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">l</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="107.365,553.628,110.269,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482"> </text>
 <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="110.658,553.628,119.002,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">C</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="118.857,553.628,123.953,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">a</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="123.808,553.628,130.183,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">u</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="130.038,553.628,134.555,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">s</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="134.410,553.628,137.659,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="137.514,553.628,143.889,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">d</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="143.744,553.628,146.993,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="146.848,553.628,151.943,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">c</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="151.799,553.628,157.595,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">o</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="157.450,553.628,161.277,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">]</text>
<text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="161.132,553.628,164.036,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482"> </text>
 <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="164.417,553.639,168.244,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">s</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="168.099,553.639,173.895,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">p</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="173.751,553.639,177.578,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">s</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="176.966,553.639,180.215,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">.</text>
<text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="180.070,553.639,182.974,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727"> </text>
 <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="183.363,553.639,189.159,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">a</text>
 <whitespace/><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="192.314,553.628,201.937,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">D</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="201.793,553.628,207.589,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">o</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="207.444,553.628,213.819,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">n</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="213.674,553.628,216.578,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482"> </text> <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="216.967,553.628,225.311,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">R</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="225.166,553.628,230.962,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">o</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="230.818,553.628,237.192,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">d</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="237.048,553.628,241.565,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">r</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="241.420,553.628,244.668,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="244.524,553.628,250.320,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">g</text><text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="250.064,553.628,255.860,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">o</text> <text>
    </text>
    **</newline>**
    **<newline>**
    <text font="QKWQNQ+ImprintMTnum-Bold" bbox="272.661,554.072,277.415,564.757" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.685">1</text>
    ... continues
**</newline>**

【问题讨论】：

  • 拜托，你能分享一下预期的输出吗？
  • 是的，我对我的问题进行了编辑。我希望现在很清楚。
  • 是否需要保留&lt;whitespace&gt; 和空的text 元素？
  • 可以，但如果可以更换也没关系。

标签： python xml tags lxml elementtree


【解决方案1】：

您可以尝试以下方法：

  1. 使用xpath查找text元素

  2. 遍历所有元素：

    • 对于所有项目，我们保留 BBox 中的当前值和以前的值。我们保留最后一个有效值。这意味着，如果对于给定元素，bbox 标记缺失，则将使用前一个标记。

    • 然后我们计算距离（例如|bb_current - bb_previous|）

    • 如果距离大于10：表示需要打开一个新的new_line标签。但首先，我们需要关闭前一个。所以current_line 使用insert (related topic) 插入到父标签中

    • 如果new_line 已经打开：我们使用append 在其中添加当前标签，否则我们让它们作为原始标签。

  3. 最后，我们将最后一个new_line元素添加到循环之外。

注意：其他标签如空text元素或whitespace元素是移动的。如果我们想保持它们的原点位置，就需要在 for 循环中处理它们。

完整代码：

import lxml.etree as etree

parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
tree = etree.parse('data.xml', parser)
root = tree.getroot()

# Get the first BBox value as float
# Return null if not found
def getBBoxFirstValue(line):
    if line is not None:
        bb = line.attrib.get('bbox')
        if bb is not None:
            try:
                return float(bb.split(",")[0])
            except ValueError:
                pass
    return None


new_line        = None 
previous_bb     = None

for x in tree.xpath('//text'):
    # Get current bb value
    bb = getBBoxFirstValue(x)

    # Check current and past values aren't empty
    if bb is not None and previous_bb is not None:
        # If distance with preview bb > 10
        if abs(bb - previous_bb) > 10:
            # If new_line isn't empty: it's inserted into parent tag at position of current tag 
            if new_line is not None:
                x.getparent().insert(x.getparent().index(x), new_line)
            # A new "new_line" element is created
            new_line = etree.Element("new_line")

        # If the new line isn't not (e.g. one distance > 10 has been already found)
        if new_line is not None:
            new_line.append(x)

    # Keep latest non empty BBox 1st value
    if bb is not None:
        previous_bb = bb


# Add last new_line element if not null
if new_line is not None:
    tree.xpath('//text')[-1].getparent().append(new_line)


newtree = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
newtree = newtree.decode("utf-8")

input.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<pages>
    <page id="1" bbox="0.000,0.000,462.047,680.315" rotate="0">
        <textbox id="0" bbox="179.739,592.028,261.007,604.510">
            <textline bbox="179.739,592.028,261.007,604.510">
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="191.745,592.218,199.339,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="199.227,592.218,205.657,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">P</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="205.545,592.218,211.975,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">P</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="211.023,592.218,218.617,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="218.515,592.218,226.109,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">R</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="226.008,592.218,233.602,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">A</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="232.812,592.218,240.932,603.578" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="11.360">T</text>
                O
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.614,554.008,49.369,564.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.268,554.008,54.022,564.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>
                a
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="43.563,475.008,48.317,485.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="48.226,475.008,52.980,485.246" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>
                b
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.614,421.608,49.369,431.846" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.268,421.608,54.022,431.846" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>
                c
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="43.563,339.508,48.317,349.746" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="48.226,339.508,52.980,349.746" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">4</text>
                d
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="44.949,237.108,49.703,247.347" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">2</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="49.274,237.108,54.028,247.347" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.238">5</text>
                a
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="68.031,553.639,76.375,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">T</text>
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="76.231,553.639,79.479,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">i</text>
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="79.334,553.639,83.161,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">t</text>
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="83.017,553.639,88.112,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">o</text>
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="87.968,553.639,91.216,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">l</text>
                <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="91.071,553.639,96.167,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">o</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="99.311,553.628,104.406,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">I</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="104.261,553.628,107.510,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">l</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="107.365,553.628,110.269,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482"></text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="110.658,553.628,119.002,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">C</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="118.857,553.628,123.953,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">a</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="123.808,553.628,130.183,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">u</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="130.038,553.628,134.555,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">s</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="134.410,553.628,137.659,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="137.514,553.628,143.889,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">d</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="143.744,553.628,146.993,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="146.848,553.628,151.943,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">c</text>
                <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="151.799,553.628,157.595,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">o</text>
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输出

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【讨论】：

  • 谢谢！！我收到此错误：文件“C:/Users/annas/PycharmProjects/TESI/oooooo.py”，第 36 行，在 parent.insert(parent.index(x), new_line) 文件“src\lxml\etree .pyx”，第 1216 行，在 lxml.etree._Element.index ValueError：元素不是此节点的子节点。 ;你知道为什么吗？
  • 我提供的示例或其他xml 文件是否会出现此问题？如果是，您可以在问题中更新它吗？
  • 我试图更好地理解它，基本上问题似乎是因为我的 XML 更长（它重复页面和其中的所有内容），不知何故代码不起作用但适用于短输入
  • 将链接指向我正在使用的完整 XML 会有用吗？
  • &lt;text&gt;...&lt;/text&gt; 元素是否都属于同一个父元素？是的，确定！
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