【发布时间】：2021-08-14 11:19:52
【问题描述】：
我开始在 android 上尝试 gRPC 并添加了所有依赖项。 当我想运行该项目时，出现以下错误。这是我第一次在 android 中实现 gRPC，而且从一开始就开始烦人。
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite$Builder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite$Builder$LimitedInputStream found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.AbstractProtobufList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.BooleanArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteBufferWriter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteOutput found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$ArraysByteArrayCopier found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$BoundedByteString found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$ByteArrayCopier found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$ByteIterator found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$CodedBuilder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$LeafByteString found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$LiteralByteString found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$Output found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ByteString$SystemByteArrayCopier found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$AbstractBufferedEncoder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$ArrayEncoder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$ByteOutputEncoder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$OutOfSpaceException found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream$OutputStreamEncoder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.DoubleArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ExperimentalApi found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ExtensionLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryFactory found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite$ObjectIntPair found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.FieldSet found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.FieldSet$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.FieldSet$FieldDescriptorLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.FloatArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$Builder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$DefaultInstanceBasedParser found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$ExtendableBuilder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$ExtendableMessage found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$ExtendableMessage$ExtensionWriter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$ExtendableMessageOrBuilder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$ExtensionDescriptor found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$GeneratedExtension found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$MethodToInvoke found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite$SerializedForm found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.IntArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$BooleanList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$DoubleList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$EnumLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$EnumLiteMap found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$FloatList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$IntList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$ListAdapter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$ListAdapter$Converter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$LongList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter$Converter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter$EntryAdapter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter$IteratorAdapter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$MapAdapter$SetAdapter found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Internal$ProtobufList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyField found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyField$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyField$LazyEntry found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyField$LazyIterator found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList$ByteArrayListView found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList$ByteStringListView found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.LongArrayList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite$Metadata found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MapFieldLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MessageLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MessageLite$Builder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteToString found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.TextFormatEscaper found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.TextFormatEscaper$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.TextFormatEscaper$2 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.TextFormatEscaper$ByteSequence found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetLite found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnmodifiableLazyStringList found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnmodifiableLazyStringList$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnmodifiableLazyStringList$2 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnsafeByteOperations found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnsafeUtil found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.UnsafeUtil$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Utf8 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Utf8$Processor found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Utf8$SafeProcessor found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Utf8$UnpairedSurrogateException found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.Utf8$UnsafeProcessor found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$FieldType found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$FieldType$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$FieldType$2 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$FieldType$3 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$FieldType$4 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$JavaType found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$Utf8Validation found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$Utf8Validation$1 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$Utf8Validation$2 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Duplicate class com.google.protobuf.WireFormat$Utf8Validation$3 found in modules protobuf-javalite-3.17.2 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.17.2) and protobuf-lite-3.0.1 (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1)
Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.
这是我的build.gradle 文件（应用级别）：
plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
id 'com.google.protobuf' version '0.8.16'
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 30
buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "it.tdaapp.grpcexample"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 30
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
protobuf {
protoc {
artifact = "com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.17.2"
}
plugins {
grpc {
artifact = 'io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.39.0'
}
}
generateProtoTasks {
all().each { task ->
task.builtins {
java { option 'lite' }
}
task.plugins {
grpc { option 'lite' }
}
}
}
}
dependencies {
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.4.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-lite:3.0.1'
implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-okhttp:1.39.0'
implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-protobuf-lite:1.39.0'
implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.39.0'
implementation 'javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
}
java {
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
请帮帮我，我已经坚持了好几个小时了！！ 谢谢
【问题讨论】：
-
您的问题在于 protobuf-lite 和传递性 grpc-protobuf-lite 依赖项，您同时引入了旧式 protobuf-lite 和新 stye protobuf-javalite，您可以通过谷歌搜索了解是什么这背后。就个人而言，对于不一定需要 protobuf 的 Android 上较小的 grpc 项目，我会使用 Kotlin 和 grpc-kotlin 并插入 Kotlin 序列化而不是 protobuf，以消除 protobuf-lite 混乱。不过，这是一个稍微高级的用例；有一篇关于用 grpc-java 替换 protobuf 的 grpc 博客文章，你可以用 grpc-kotlin 做同样的事情。
-
我认为暂时你最好修复那些精简的工件冲突。只需从 grpc 网站/github 上的 android 示例开始。
-
@Uli 感谢您的评论。我照你说的做了，并实现了 grpc 网站上的示例，现在它的工作就像一个魅力！
标签： java android protocol-buffers grpc proto