如何用 PHP 解析维基百科 XML？

Question

如何用 PHP 解析 Wikipedia XML？我用simplepie尝试过，但我什么也没得到。这是我想获取其数据的链接。

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&generator=allpages&gaplimit=2&gapfilterredir=nonredirects&gapfrom=Re&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=xml

编辑代码：

<?php
    define("EMAIL_ADDRESS", "youlichika@hotmail.com"); 
    $ch = curl_init(); 
    $cv = curl_version(); 
    $user_agent = "curl ${cv['version']} (${cv['host']}) libcurl/${cv['version']} ${cv['ssl_version']} zlib/${cv['libz_version']} <" . EMAIL_ADDRESS . ">"; 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $user_agent); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookies.txt"); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookies.txt"); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "deflate, gzip, identity"); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, FALSE); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, TRUE); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&generator=allpages&gaplimit=2&gapfilterredir=nonredirects&gapfrom=Re&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=xml"); 
    $xml = curl_exec($ch); 
    $xml_reader = new XMLReader(); 
    $xml_reader->xml($xml, "UTF-8"); 
    echo $xml->api->query->pages->page->rev;
?>

Answer 1

我通常结合使用 CURL 和 XMLReader 来解析 MediaWiki API 生成的 XML。

请注意，您必须在 User-Agent 标头中包含您的电子邮件地址，否则 API 脚本将响应 HTTP 403 Forbidden。

这是我初始化 CURL 句柄的方法：

define("EMAIL_ADDRESS", "my@email.com");
$ch = curl_init();
$cv = curl_version();
$user_agent = "curl ${cv['version']} (${cv['host']}) libcurl/${cv['version']} ${cv['ssl_version']} zlib/${cv['libz_version']} <" . EMAIL_ADDRESS . ">";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $user_agent);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookies.txt");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookies.txt");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "deflate, gzip, identity");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, FALSE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);

然后您可以使用此代码获取 XML 并在 $xml_reader 中构造一个新的 XMLReader 对象：

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&generator=allpages&gaplimit=2&gapfilterredir=nonredirects&gapfrom=Re&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=xml");
$xml = curl_exec($ch);
$xml_reader = new XMLReader();
$xml_reader->xml($xml, "UTF-8");

编辑：这是一个工作示例：

<?php
define("EMAIL_ADDRESS", "youlichika@hotmail.com");
$ch = curl_init();
$cv = curl_version();
$user_agent = "curl ${cv['version']} (${cv['host']}) libcurl/${cv['version']} ${cv['ssl_version']} zlib/${cv['libz_version']} <" . EMAIL_ADDRESS . ">"; 
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $user_agent);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookies.txt");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookies.txt");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "deflate, gzip, identity");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, FALSE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&generator=allpages&gaplimit=2&gapfilterredir=nonredirects&gapfrom=Re&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=xml"); 
$xml = curl_exec($ch);
$xml_reader = new XMLReader();
$xml_reader->xml($xml, "UTF-8");

function extract_first_rev(XMLReader $xml_reader)
{
    while ($xml_reader->read()) {
        if ($xml_reader->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
            if ($xml_reader->name == "rev") {
                $content = htmlspecialchars_decode($xml_reader->readInnerXML(), ENT_QUOTES);
                return $content;
            }
        } else if ($xml_reader->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT) {
            if ($xml_reader->name == "page") {
                throw new Exception("Unexpectedly found `</page>`");
            }
        }
    }

    throw new Exception("Reached the end of the XML document without finding revision content");
}

$latest_rev = array();
while ($xml_reader->read()) {
    if ($xml_reader->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
        if ($xml_reader->name == "page") {
            $latest_rev[$xml_reader->getAttribute("title")] = extract_first_rev($xml_reader);
        }
    }
}

function parse($rev)
{
    global $ch;

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, TRUE);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=parse&text=" . rawurlencode($rev) . "&prop=text&format=xml");
    sleep(3);
    $xml = curl_exec($ch);
    $xml_reader = new XMLReader();
    $xml_reader->xml($xml, "UTF-8");

    while ($xml_reader->read()) {
        if ($xml_reader->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
            if ($xml_reader->name == "text") {
                $html = htmlspecialchars_decode($xml_reader->readInnerXML(), ENT_QUOTES);
                return $html;
            }
        }
    }

    throw new Exception("Failed to parse");
}

foreach ($latest_rev as $title => $latest_rev) {
    echo parse($latest_rev) . "\n";
}

Answer 2

你可以使用simplexml:

$xml = simplexml_load_file($url);

在此处查看示例：http://php.net/manual/en/simplexml.examples-basic.php

或Dom:

$xml = new DomDocument;
$xml->load($url);

或XmlReader 用于您不想完全在内存中读取的大型 XML 文档。

Answer 3

你应该看看 php XMLReader 类。