C 初学者：字符串和内存

Question

所以我正在做的这门课程希望我们玩弄内存管理和指针。我并没有完全理解它们。

我不断收到错误：

分段错误（核心转储）

显然我无法访问内存？

我的slen 函数有问题吗？

/*

In these exercises, you will need to write a series of C functions. Where possible, these functions should be reusable (not use global variables or fixed sized buffers) and robust (they should not behave badly under bad input eg empty, null pointers) .
As well as writing the functions themselves, you must write small programs to test those functions.

- Remember, in C, strings are sequences of characters stored in arrays AND the character sequence is delimited with '\0' (character value 0).

----------------------------------------------------

1) int slen(const char* str)
    which returns the length of string str [slen must not call strlen - directly or indirectly]
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/* Returns the length of a given string */
int slen(const char* str) {
    int size = 0;
    while(str[size] != '\0') {
        size++;
    }
    return size;
}

/*
2) char* copystring(const char* str)
    which returns a copy of the string str. [copystring must not call any variant of strcpy or strdup - directly or indirectly]*/
char* copystring(const char* str) {
    int size = slen(str);
    char *copy = (char*) malloc (sizeof(char) * (size + 1));
    copy[size] = '\0';
    printf("before loop");
    int i = 0;
    while (*str != '0') {
        copy[i++] = *str++;
    }
    return copy;
}


int main() {
    char *msg = NULL;
    printf("Enter a string: ");
    scanf("%s", &msg);
    int size = slen(msg);
    //printf("The length of this message is %d.", size);
//  printf("Duplicate is %s.", copystring(msg));

    // Reading from file


}

Answer 1

问题不在于您的 slen 函数，它发生在您使用 scanf 之前：

• 您需要为使用scanf 从用户那里读取的字符串留出一些空间
• 您无需将内存缓冲区的地址传递给scanf，该变量已经保存了一个地址。

修改代码：

char msg[101];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", msg);
int size = slen(msg);

或者，如果您被要求了解内存分配，请研究malloc 的用法：

char *msg = malloc(101);
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", msg);
int size = slen(msg);

在学习malloc的同时，别忘了也学习一下free的相关用法。

这里同样重要和重要的是缓冲区大小的管理：当您为要从用户扫描的字符串创建内存时，您应该限制实际读取的字符串数量 。有几种方法可以做到这一点：首先研究scanf 格式字符串，您可以在其中使用：

scanf("%100s", msg);

Answer 2

您需要在main 中为msg 分配内存 使用char msg[10] 或使用malloc。 char *msg = malloc(10*sizeof(char))