如何修复 GNU/Make “打开的文件太多。停止。”在不增加打开文件限制的情况下出错？答案

【问题标题】：How to fix GNU/Make "Too many open files. Stop." errors without increasing the open file limit?如何修复 GNU/Make “打开的文件太多。停止。”在不增加打开文件限制的情况下出错？
【发布时间】：2018-05-18 04:59:10
【问题描述】：

我目前正在尝试为 nRF52 板编译一个项目。使用make clean 时，我收到错误消息Makefile.common:12: *** Too many open files. Stop.（Makefile.common 的第 12 行只是说include $(TEMPLATE_PATH)Makefile.posix）。

我可以在网上找到的解决此问题的每个解决方案都涉及增加系统一次可以打开的文件数量。不幸的是，我尝试将其一直增加到 20000（这显然足以使我的计算机上的内存过载），但它仍然给出了相同的错误消息。所以我认为这不是我的实际解决方案，而且这个问题表明makefile本身有问题。是否有导致这种情况发生的罪魁祸首？

如果它很重要，我使用的是 Ubuntu 18.04。 makefile 粘贴在下面。

TARGETS          := nrf52832_xxaa
OUTPUT_DIRECTORY := _build

SDK_ROOT := $(realpath ../../../../../..)
PROJ_DIR := ../../..

$(OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/nrf52832_xxaa.out: \
  LINKER_SCRIPT  := ble_app_hrs_gcc_nrf52.ld

# Source files common to all targets
SRC_FILES += \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/modules/nrfx/mdk/gcc_startup_nrf52.S \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/button/app_button.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/util/app_error.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/util/app_error_weak.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/scheduler/app_scheduler.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/timer/app_timer.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/util/app_util_platform.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/crc16/crc16.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/fds/fds.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/hardfault/hardfault_implementation.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/util/nrf_assert.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/fstorage/fstorage.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/experimental_memobj/nrf_memobj.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/pwr_mgmt/nrf_pwr_mgmt.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/sensorsim/sensorsim.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/drivers_nrf/nrf_drv_clock.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/drivers_nrf/nrfx_drv_gpiote.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/drivers_nrf/nrfx_uart.c \
  $(PROJ_DIR)/main.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/external/segger_rtt/SEGGER_RTT.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/external/segger_rtt/SEGGER_RTT_Syscalls_GCC.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/external/segger_rtt/SEGGER_RTT_printf.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/common/ble_advdata.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_advertising/ble_advertising.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/common/ble_conn_params.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/common/ble_conn_state.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/common/ble_srv_common.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/gatt_cache_manager.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/gatts_cache_manager.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/id_manager.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/peer_data_storage.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/peer_database.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/peer_id.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/peer_manager.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/pm_buffer.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/pm_mutex.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/security_dispatcher.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager/security_manager.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas/ble_bas.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_dis/ble_dis.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs/ble_hrs.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/common/softdevice_handler/softdevice_handler.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/common/softdevice_handler/softdevice_handler_appsh.c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/nfc_ble_pair_msg.c \


# Include folders common to all targets
INC_FOLDERS += \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/generic/message \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/t2t_lib \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ancs_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/pwm \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/s132/headers/nrf52 \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/drivers_nrf/hal \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_gls \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/fstorage \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/text \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/gpiote \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/bootloader_dfu \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/generic/record \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_advertising \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/modules/nrfx/drivers/include \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/experimental_task_manager \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/le_oob_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/queue \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/pwr_mgmt \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_dtm \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/toolchain/CMSIS/include \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/common \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lls \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ac_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/experimental_section_vars \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/s132/headers \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ans_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/slip \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/drivers_nrf/delay \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/mem_manager \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/common \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/low_power_pwm \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ep_oob_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/parser/message \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/parser/record \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_dfu \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/scheduler \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hts \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/crc16 \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/t2t_parser \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/util \
  ../config \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/ecc \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/hardfault \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_cscs \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/hci \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/timer \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/led_softblink \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/parser \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_cts_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/le_oob_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/twi_mngr \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hids \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/strerror \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/crc32 \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_oob_advdata \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/usbd/class/audio \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/sensorsim \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/t2t_lib \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/peer_manager \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_tps \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_dis \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/uri \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/button \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/twi \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ep_oob_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/external/segger_rtt \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs_c \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/sha256 \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_racp \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/libraries/fds \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/launchapp \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/hs_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/t2t_lib/hal_t2t \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ac_rec \
  $(SDK_ROOT)/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs \

# Libraries common to all targets
LIB_FILES += \

# Optimization flags
OPT = -O3 -g3
# Uncomment the line below to enable link time optimization
#OPT += -flto

# C flags common to all targets
CFLAGS += $(OPT)
CFLAGS += -DBLE_STACK_SUPPORT_REQD
CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PCA10040
CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_GPIO_AS_PINRESET
CFLAGS += -DFLOAT_ABI_HARD
CFLAGS += -DNRF52
CFLAGS += -DNRF52832_XXAA
CFLAGS += -DNRF52_PAN_74
CFLAGS += -DNRF_SD_BLE_API_VERSION=6
CFLAGS += -DS132
CFLAGS += -DSOFTDEVICE_PRESENT
CFLAGS += -DSWI_DISABLE0
CFLAGS += -mcpu=cortex-m4
CFLAGS += -mthumb -mabi=aapcs
CFLAGS += -Wall -Werror
CFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16
# keep every function in a separate section, this allows linker to discard unused ones
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-strict-aliasing
CFLAGS += -fno-builtin -fshort-enums

# C++ flags common to all targets
CXXFLAGS += $(OPT)

# Assembler flags common to all targets
ASMFLAGS += -g3
ASMFLAGS += -mcpu=cortex-m4
ASMFLAGS += -mthumb -mabi=aapcs
ASMFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16
ASMFLAGS += -DBLE_STACK_SUPPORT_REQD
ASMFLAGS += -DBOARD_PCA10040
ASMFLAGS += -DCONFIG_GPIO_AS_PINRESET
ASMFLAGS += -DFLOAT_ABI_HARD
ASMFLAGS += -DNRF52
ASMFLAGS += -DNRF52832_XXAA
ASMFLAGS += -DNRF52_PAN_74
ASMFLAGS += -DNRF_SD_BLE_API_VERSION=6
ASMFLAGS += -DS132
ASMFLAGS += -DSOFTDEVICE_PRESENT
ASMFLAGS += -DSWI_DISABLE0

# Linker flags
LDFLAGS += $(OPT)
LDFLAGS += -mthumb -mabi=aapcs -L$(SDK_ROOT)/modules/nrfx/mdk -T$(LINKER_SCRIPT)
LDFLAGS += -mcpu=cortex-m4
LDFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16
# let linker dump unused sections
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
# use newlib in nano version
LDFLAGS += --specs=nano.specs

nrf52832_xxaa: CFLAGS += -D__HEAP_SIZE=8192
nrf52832_xxaa: CFLAGS += -D__STACK_SIZE=8192
nrf52832_xxaa: ASMFLAGS += -D__HEAP_SIZE=8192
nrf52832_xxaa: ASMFLAGS += -D__STACK_SIZE=8192

# Add standard libraries at the very end of the linker input, after all objects
# that may need symbols provided by these libraries.
LIB_FILES += -lc -lnosys -lm


.PHONY: default help

# Default target - first one defined
default: nrf52832_xxaa

# Print all targets that can be built
help:
    @echo following targets are available:
    @echo       nrf52832_xxaa
    @echo       flash_softdevice
    @echo       sdk_config - starting external tool for editing sdk_config.h
    @echo       flash      - flashing binary

TEMPLATE_PATH := $(SDK_ROOT)/components/toolchain/gcc/Makefile.common

#echo $(TEMPLATE_PATH)

include $(TEMPLATE_PATH) # /Makefile.common

$(foreach target, $(TARGETS), $(call define_target, $(target)))

.PHONY: flash flash_softdevice erase

# Flash the program
flash: $(OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/nrf52832_xxaa.hex
    @echo Flashing: $<
    nrfjprog -f nrf52 --program $< --sectorerase
    nrfjprog -f nrf52 --reset

# Flash softdevice
flash_softdevice:
    @echo Flashing: s132_nrf52_6.0.0_softdevice.hex
    nrfjprog -f nrf52 --program $(SDK_ROOT)/components/softdevice/s132/hex/s132_nrf52_6.0.0_softdevice.hex --sectorerase
    nrfjprog -f nrf52 --reset

erase:
    nrfjprog -f nrf52 --eraseall

SDK_CONFIG_FILE := ../config/sdk_config.h
CMSIS_CONFIG_TOOL := $(SDK_ROOT)/external_tools/cmsisconfig/CMSIS_Configuration_Wizard.jar
sdk_config:
    java -jar $(CMSIS_CONFIG_TOOL) $(SDK_CONFIG_FILE)

【问题讨论】：

您是否考虑过在 SDK 中不使用任何 include 的情况下手动编写自己的 Makefile？此外，在您的问题中显示由make 和您的make 命令启动的命令，以提供一些minimal reproducible example。所以编辑你的问题在它关闭之前改进它。
我已经把make生成的整个输入输出放到问题里了。我不知道我还能提出什么问题。
make 的输出是什么？ Makefile.common 中 12 左右的行是什么？还可以考虑删除Makefile 中的每个@。使用 make --trace 和 remake 和 -x 来调试你的 Makefile ；但我建议您自己写Makefile。您当前的解决方案可能包含很多无用的东西，您的问题不是minimal reproducible example，但应该是一个
也许在你的Makefile 中使用xargs 和rm 和find 可以解决你的问题，这可能不是make 相关的错误
我们不知道（也可能无权访问）Makefile.common 和 Makefile.posix。因此，我们无法在不了解他们的情况下帮助您。你应该提供一些minimal reproducible example，到目前为止你还没有。或者向提供您的 SDK 及其 Makefile.common 和 Makefile.posix 的公司的支持寻求帮助

标签： makefile gnu-make

【解决方案1】：

我能想象你得到这个错误的唯一方法是你的makefile中有一个include循环。也就是说，makefile 要么包含自身，要么makefile A 具有include B，而makefile B 具有include A。

您没有显示Makefile.posix 的内容，但如果它包含Makefile.common，您可能会遇到后一个问题。

在您的示例中基于此的另一种选择看起来是错误的：

TEMPLATE_PATH := $(SDK_ROOT)/components/toolchain/gcc/Makefile.common

include $(TEMPLATE_PATH)

那么你在Makefile.common 中说你有：

include $(TEMPLATE_PATH)Makefile.posix

这是错误的，因为TEMPLATE_PATH 不是目录，而是文件；这将扩展为：

include /sdk/root/components/toolchain/gcc/Makefile.commonMakefile.posix

这显然是错误的。

但是考虑一下：如果您在 TEMPLATE_PATH 中有一个尾随空格怎么办，所以它是这样的：

TEMPLATE_PATH := $(SDK_ROOT)/components/toolchain/gcc/Makefile.common #<-space here

请注意，您不需要注释；即使行尾没有其他内容，make 也始终保留尾随空格。然后，Makefile.common 中的包含将扩展为：

include /sdk/root/components/toolchain/gcc/Makefile.common Makefile.posix

它有一个包含自身的makefile，递归。最终你会用完打开的文件。

【讨论】：